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Every 1mn ton of recycled plastic produced in the GCC can generate approximately 1,500 jobs and $650mn in direct GDP impact in the region, according to research estimates.Innovation is a driving force behind value creation in the GCC plastic industry, contributing to sustainability, economic growth, and technological advancements, Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals Association (GPCA) said in a report.Accelerating innovation plays a crucial role across product design, business models, and resource management, and can support efforts to achieving circular economy in the GCC. Continuous innovation in polymer production and conversion technologies has enabled the GCC region to maintain a competitive edge in the global market. This includes advancements in recycling technologies and the development of new, sustainable materials.GPCA will explore the role of innovation in driving value creation and growth at the 14th GPCA Plastics Conference taking place in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on April 20 and 21.According to a study, advancements in chemical recycling technologies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50% compared to traditional plastic production methods. The 14th GPCA Plastics Conference will provide an ideal platform to spotlight innovations in plastics recycling and discuss the role of regulations in creating an enabling environment for growth.Held under the theme: “The next growth paradigm: value creation through innovation”, the conference will open with a welcome address by Khalfan al-Muhairi, SVP Regional MEAE, Borouge and Vice-Chairman, Plastics Committee, GPCA, followed by a ministerial address outlining regional policy priorities.Dr Abdulwahab al-Sadoun, Secretary General, GPCA, commented: “In the pursuit of the next paradigm of plastics growth, fostering innovation and collaboration will be essential to address the sustainability challenges of our time, while meeting the demand for sustainable plastics and ensuring socio-economic growth. “By fostering cutting-edge advancements and sustainable practices, we can enhance the plastics industry’s position as a dynamic driver of economic growth and environmental stewardship. The 14th GPCA Plastics Conference will serve as a beacon for visionary leaders and innovators from across the region and the world to collaborate and redefine the future of plastics for generations to come.”Ends

Qatar accounts for more than 81% of Middle East's current annual LNG liquefaction capacity of 95mn tonnes, according to the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF).The country is set to spearhead the region's additional LNG annual liquefaction capacity of 124mn tonnes by 2050, Doha-based GECF said in its latest Global Gas Outlook.Qatar’s NFE and NFS expansion projects, currently under construction, will add 48mn tonnes annually and the NFW expansion project to add another 16 mtpy.By the end of 2023, NFW was considered an announced project and its development is underway.Additionally, Oman is considering adding 1 mtpy of liquefaction capacity, and Iraq and Iran may develop LNG facilities in the 2030s and 2040s, respectively.The UAE’s planned new additional liquefaction facility, originally scheduled for Fujairah, has been relocated to Ruwais (Abu Dhabi) with a capacity of 9.6 mtpy.Utilisation of the region’s increased capacity is expected to stay around 92% by 2050, GECF noted.The Dolphin gas pipeline, the largest in the Middle East, connects Qatar’s North Field to the UAE and Oman.With a capacity of 33 bcm annually, it currently operates at around 62% of its capacity. In 2023, it delivered 18.8 bcm to the UAE and 1.5 bcm to Oman under long-term contracts that are expiring in 2032.Iran also has two pipelines supplying natural gas to Iraq, serving the Baghdad and Basra regions.Qatar’s LNG exports are expected to grow by 2.2 times, reaching 170mn tonnes annually by 2050, up from 78mt, while pipeline exports are projected to decrease from 20 bcm to smaller volumes by 2040.The UAE, which exports and imports LNG and pipeline gas, exported 7 bcm (5mt) of LNG in 2023 and primarily imported gas from Qatar via the Dolphin pipeline, amounting to 18.8 bcm.LNG exports are handled through the Das Island liquefaction plant in Abu Dhabi, which has a capacity of 5.6 mtpy.Oman’s natural gas trade will continue to consist predominantly of LNG exports. In 2023, Oman exported 12mt of LNG, with over 90% of the exports directed to the Asia Pacific region, GECF noted.Oman’s LNG exports are expected to remain steady at 10 mt by 2030, gradually declining to 8mt by 2040 and further decreasing by 2050.The country operates a single LNG liquefaction facility at Qalhat, with three units and a combined capacity of 10.4mtpy.In early 2024, the country, in partnership with TotalEnergies, reached a final investment decision (FID) to develop the 1 mtpy Marsa (Sohar) LNG bunkering project, which is scheduled to commence operations in 2028.This project is set to establish Marsa LNG as the Middle East’s first LNG bunkering hub, positioning LNG as an alternative marine fuel to help reduce emissions in the shipping industry.Despite its dominant role in the global oil market, Saudi Arabia currently uses all of its gas production domestically and has no immediate plans or strategies to export LNG or pipeline gas.However, in the long term, the country seeks to position itself as a major player in the LNG market through strategic investments and partnerships, GECF said.

Qatar banks continue to lead the region with the lowest cost-to-income ratio at 25.6% and the highest coverage ratio for stage 3 loans at 85.1%, reflecting strong financial resilience, according to KPMG.In its ‘GCC listed banks’ results’ report, KPMG noted that in Qatar’s banking sector, Qatar National Bank’s position has been reaffirmed as the largest bank in the GCC by assets, reaching $356bn.The report highlights strong asset growth across GCC banks, supported by robust capital adequacy ratios. Profitability saw a notable increase, driven by higher interest margins and disciplined cost control, while net interest margins (NIMs) remained stable despite economic fluctuations.Non-performing loan (NPL) ratios declined, reflecting prudent credit risk management, and cost-to-income ratios remained among the lowest globally, emphasisng continued operational efficiency. Investor confidence has also been reinforced, with bank share prices showing stability in a volatile market.Across the GCC, profitability increased by 10.5%, driven by loan book growth, stable interest margins, lower loan impairments, and ongoing cost-efficiency measures, KPMG noted.Total assets increased by 9.2%, supported by lending to high-quality customers. While net interest margins saw a slight dip of 0.1%, the overall NPL ratio improved, decreasing by 0.3% to 3.3%, signalling a continued conservative approach to credit risk management.Return on Assets (ROA) (1.5% in 2023) slightly increased by 0.04% compared to the previous year reflecting stable profitability relative to asset growth.Cost-to-income ratios remained stable compared to 2023 at 39%, reflecting the continued focus on cost reductions and operating efficiency. Moreover, the average coverage ratio for stage 3 loans remained broadly in line with prior year at 67%, highlighting the listed banks' cautious provisioning approach.Looking ahead, KPMG predicts that the GCC banking sector will continue evolving with an increased focus on AI and automation to enhance operational efficiencies, alongside the strengthening of ESG frameworks to embed sustainability within banking strategies. The rise of regulatory technology (RegTech) is expected to support compliance and risk management, while further industry consolidation will likely foster stronger and more competitive financial institutions.Additionally, balance sheet growth is projected to accelerate, driven by strategic investments and effective risk management, ensuring sustained financial stability and resilience.Omar Mahmood, Head of Financial Services for KPMG in the Middle East, South Asia, Caucasus and Central Asia, and partner at KPMG in Qatar, commented, "The GCC banking sector remains a pillar of economic stability and growth, demonstrating resilience in the face of macroeconomic uncertainties. The sector’s ability to maintain strong capital positions, enhance asset quality, and embrace digital transformation underscores its commitment to sustainable progress.“Looking ahead, we expect a continued focus on managing non-performing loans, cost control, and the integration of AI and ESG principles into banking strategies, ensuring long-term competitiveness and stability."

Beyond the TarmacAircraft rely heavily on satellite signals for real-time positioning, navigation, and timing. Any interference leads to inaccurate or lost location data, increasing the risk of mid-air collisions or near misses.Recently, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and other global bodies have expressed “grave concern” over increasing incidents of interference with aviation, maritime and telecommunications services.Multiple airlines reported GPS jamming and spoofing near conflict zones. Many aircraft have experienced position discrepancies, sudden autopilot disengagements, and deviations from flight paths.These cases of harmful interference are in the form of jamming and spoofing that disrupt Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operating in the frequency bands allocated to the Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS).“Radio Navigation Satellite Service interference can impact aircraft operations far beyond the immediate affected area, creating potential safety risks across multiple flight regions,” remarked ICAO Secretary-General Juan Carlos Salazar.“ICAO is fully committed to working closely with Member States to implement these protective measures through existing aviation safety frameworks and standards.”In a joint statement the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and International Maritime Organisation (IMO) urged Member States to urgently enhance their protection of the critical radio-frequency band.The joint statement identifies five key actions required from Member States:1. Protection of RNSS from harmful interference affecting civilian and humanitarian operations2. Strengthening resilience of RNSS-dependent navigation, positioning, and timing systems3. Maintaining conventional navigation infrastructure for contingency support4. Enhancing collaboration between regulatory, aviation, maritime, defence, and enforcement authorities5. Implementing comprehensive interference reporting mechanismsThis initiative builds on ICAO Assembly Resolution A41-8/C, which urges States to ensure close collaboration between aviation authorities, military authorities, service providers, and spectrum enforcement authorities to protect Communication and Navigation Systems.The Resolution specifically calls on Member States to refrain from any form of jamming or spoofing affecting civil aviation and to co-ordinate with air navigation service providers when military or security operations might affect civil aviation operations.Industry analysts say without reliable RNSS, flight management systems may default to older, less efficient navigation methods, leading to longer routes and increased fuel consumption.In such situations, pilots will struggle to maintain precise flight paths, particularly in areas with poor visibility. Another threat is that pilots and air traffic controllers will lose critical situational awareness, increasing the risk of mid-air collisions or near misses.During low-visibility conditions, RNSS provides essential guidance for approach and landing. Obviously, interference compromise these operations, necessitating go-arounds or diversions.While alternative systems like Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) exist as a backup, they can possibly drift over time without RNSS calibration, analysts point out.Aircraft may need to delay departures, reroute, or even cancel flights when RNSS interference is detected.Inefficient routing caused by RNSS loss results in longer flight times and higher fuel costs, experts point out. Affected airlines will face additional expenses for investigating signal interference and ensuring aircraft systems are unaffected.RNSS underpins technologies like ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast).Interference generally prevent accurate aircraft tracking by air traffic controllers, forcing them to manually manage aircraft separation and reroute flights, adding stress and reducing system efficiency.Industry experts say some actors deliberately jam satellite signals for malicious purposes. Ground-based transmitters, faulty electronic equipment, or even solar flares can cause disruption. Cyberattacks that send false satellite signals have the potential to mislead aircraft systems.Clearly, RNSS interference poses severe challenges for airlines, from safety risks to financial losses. Aviation regulators and airlines often deploy mitigation measures such as resilient navigation systems, interference monitoring, and pilot training for RNSS outages. Strengthening cybersecurity and using multi-constellation receivers also help reduce the risks.

Middle East region contributed 96mn tonnes to global LNG exports, accounting for 23% of the worldwide total in 2023, according to Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF). Qatar was the top global LNG exporter shipping 78mn tonnes. Asia remained the dominant market, receiving 75% of Qatar’s LNG. By 2050, LNG exports from the Middle East are projected to reach 202mn tonnes, driven largely by expansion efforts in Qatar. It is expected for the Middle East to significantly increase LNG net exports to 188mn tonnes by mid-century. In its Global Gas Outlook 2050, GECF said that in recent years, the Middle East has seen a notable increase in natural gas demand, driven by population growth and the subsidisation of gas prices. These subsidies were designed to promote economic development, support energy-intensive industries, and share the benefits with the local population. At the same time, the region’s vast natural gas reserves have created opportunities for expanded trade. While LNG exports to Asia and Europe have been the main focus, regional gas trade – both within the Middle East and beyond – has also involved smaller volumes transported through export pipelines. These include pipelines connecting Qatar to the UAE and Oman, Iran to Iraq and Turkiye and Armenia and Azerbaijan. According to GECF, the key driver of the Middle East’s natural gas exports is expected to be the growth in LNG supplies, with Qatar at the forefront. Qatar’s position as a leading global LNG exporter is set to strengthen further, with 2024 marking the continued expansion of its liquefaction capacities. Qatar aims to nearly double its LNG production capacity, increasing output by approximately 85% from the current 77mtpy to 142mtpy by 2030. This ambitious growth, led by the North Field Expansion project, will be implemented in three phases – through the North Field East (NFE), South (NFS), and West (NFW) expansion projects – and could contribute to a global oversupply later in the decade. This significant expansion will underpin Qatar’s continued and sustainable economic growth, aligning with the Qatar National Vision 2030. In 2023, the Middle East’s net gas exports reached 139bcm. Projections suggest a substantial increase, with total net exports expected to rise to 289bcm by 2050. Long-term LNG imports are expected to grow to 14mn tonnes by 2050, with Kuwait accounting for around 50% of this growth. Asia Pacific will remain the primary destination for Middle Eastern LNG. By 2050, the Asia Pacific region is expected to receive over 178mn tonnes, representing around 90% of the region’s total LNG exports. Exports to Europe will decline significantly by mid-century reflecting Europe’s shift towards alternative energy sources. Africa’s role as a destination will diminish following a rise by 2030. The Middle East remains 100% self-sufficient in LNG imports, underscoring its dominant supply position. This trend highlights the growing Asia-centric nature of Middle Eastern LNG exports and a declining reliance on European markets, GECF said.

Five concourses at Doha’s Hamad International Airport – A, B, C, D and E will now provide a floor space of 845,000 sq m in the terminal, which represents a growth of 14%, pre-expansion.On March 19, Hamad International Airport unveiled state-of-the-art concourses D and E, marking a major milestone in its expansion and boosting HIA’s passenger capacity to 65mn annually.According to HIA, retail space total 2,700 sq m with nine new retail and F&B outlets.The total area of Concourses D and E is 102,000 sqm (51,000 sqm each). Concourse D provides nine new contact gates while Concourse E eight new contact gates.The total number of contact gates is 62, which represents a 40% increase prior to the expansion.“These ensure greater connectivity, streamlined operations, and significantly reduce bus transfers,” HIA said.Hamad Ali al-Khater, Chief Operating Officer at Hamad International Airport told Gulf Times that this means about 350,000 bus journeys can be avoided annually in terms of moving passengers between the aircraft and the terminal.The expansion of Hamad International Airport with Concourses D and E significantly strengthens connectivity for both passengers and airlines.With increased gate capacity and optimised flight operations, the airport can accommodate a greater number of international carriers and offer more direct routes to key global destinations.The new concourses feature cutting-edge self-boarding systems, streamlining the boarding process for a faster, more efficient journey. Smart technology enables swift document verification, reduces wait times, and ensures smooth transitions from terminal to aircraft.Al-Khater said HIA served almost 53mn passengers in 2024. The airport continues to strengthen its role as a key global hub for airlines and passengers.This development (new concourses) elevates traveller comfort and further establishes Doha as a key global aviation hub.The expansion project, which began in 2018, has now been completed with the opening of Concourse D and E, marking the culmination of the airport's ambitious development plan.This milestone represents the final phase of a transformational journey initiated in 2022 with the unveiling of the ‘ORCHARD’, a 6,000-square-meter indoor tropical garden.The new concourses integrate seamlessly into the existing terminal, introducing cutting-edge technology and enhanced facilities to meet growing passenger demand.The opening of Concourses D and E marks the final phase of Hamad International Airport’s broader expansion, which has introduced several landmark enhancements.At the heart of this transformation is the ‘ORCHARD’, a lush indoor tropical garden that redefines the passenger experience with its serene ambiance and natural beauty.The Central Concourse has been expanded to improve passenger flow and operational efficiency, while an enhanced retail and dining portfolio now features an array of global luxury brands and diverse food and beverage offerings.Ends

Hamad International Airport has unveiled state-of-the-art concourses D and E, marking a major milestone in its expansion and boosting HIA’s passenger capacity to 65mn annually.The new concourses were unveiled at a global media event hosted by Qatar Airways Group at the Hamad International Airport Wednesday night.Dignitaries including Qatar Airways Group CEO Badr Mohammed al-Meer and HIA Chief Operating Officer Hamad Ali al-Khater attended the ceremony.Addressing the media, al-Meer said the expanded concourses, which were completed ahead of schedule, offer enhanced facilities, cutting edge technology and seamless connectivity to travellers, further establishing Qatar as a global aviation hub.Al-Meer said, “Hamad International Airport is more than a gateway; it is a vital pillar of Qatar’s growth and global connectivity. I am pleased to see this expansion project, with conclusion of both concourses going live, which I have personally been involved with since 2018.“While many global airport expansions have faced delays, we are proud to have delivered this major development ahead of schedule. This achievement reflects our commitment to operational excellence and strategic planning. This is not just about increasing capacity—it is about strengthening the entire Qatar Airways network, enhancing operational resilience, and supporting Qatar’s economic growth in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030. This development allows us to meet the evolving demands of global travel while reinforcing Qatar's position as a leading aviation hub.”Later speaking to Gulf Times, al-Khater said HIA served almost 53mn passengers in 2024. The airport continues to strengthen its role as a key global hub for airlines and passengers.This development (new concourses) elevates traveller comfort and further establishes Doha as a key global aviation hub.The expansion project, which began in 2018, has now been completed with the opening of Concourse D and E, marking the culmination of the airport's ambitious development plan.This milestone represents the final phase of a transformational journey initiated in 2022 with the unveiling of the ‘ORCHARD’, a 6,000-square-meter indoor tropical garden.The new concourses integrate seamlessly into the existing terminal, introducing cutting-edge technology and enhanced facilities to meet growing passenger demand.Al-Khater said the terminal now spans 845,000 square meters—a 14% increase—while the addition of 17 new aircraft contact gates increases the total to 62, nearly 40% more than before, ensuring greater connectivity, streamlined operations, and significantly reducing bus transfers.“This means about 350,000 bus journeys can be avoided annually in terms of moving passengers between the aircraft and the terminal.”Al-Khater said, “Our focus is to deliver operational excellence that supports both current demands and future growth. The opening of Concourses D and E marks a significant milestone in expanding our capacity and enhancing operational efficiency. This combined development streamlines passenger flow, optimises resource management, and strengthens airline connectivity, ensuring smoother and more efficient passenger services.”The newly inaugurated Concourses D and E feature the following enhancements:Seamless boarding through smart technology: The new concourses feature cutting-edge self-boarding systems, streamlining the boarding process for a faster, more efficient journey. Smart technology enables swift document verification, reduces wait times, and ensures smooth transitions from terminal to aircraft.Enhanced connectivity and global reach: The expansion of Hamad International Airport with Concourses D and E significantly strengthens connectivity for both passengers and airlines.With increased gate capacity and optimised flight operations, the airport can accommodate a greater number of international carriers and offer more direct routes to key global destinations.Elevating passenger journey: The expansion prioritises passenger comfort and convenience, offering upgraded facilities to cater to diverse traveller needs. A wider selection of premium retail outlets and global dining brands enhances the leisure experience, while ergonomically designed seating.With Concourses D and E expansion, Qatar Duty Free is unveiling 9 new retail outlets food and beverage venues, enhancing the airport's retail space by 2,700 square meters.This initiative further cements Hamad International Airport’s standing as a beacon of innovation, a world-class destination for shopping, dining, and unforgettable experiences.A commitment to sustainability: Hamad International Airport remains a leader in sustainable aviation, with Concourses D and E designed to meet GSAS 4-Star Design & Build Certification and aiming for LEED Gold Certification. The development incorporates energy-efficient systems, innovative water management solutions, and optimised thermal comfort strategies, reinforcing the airport’s alignment with global sustainability objectives.Accessibility is a core focus, with universal design principles ensuring a seamless experience for all travellers. Features such as hearing loops, barrier-free pathways, spacious seating areas, and dedicated assistance services underscore the airport’s commitment to creating a traveller-centric environment.A landmark expansion beyond Concourses D and E: The opening of Concourses D and E marks the final phase of Hamad International Airport’s broader expansion, which has introduced several landmark enhancements.At the heart of this transformation is the ORCHARD, a lush indoor tropical garden that redefines the passenger experience with its serene ambiance and natural beauty.The Central Concourse has been expanded to improve passenger flow and operational efficiency, while an enhanced retail and dining portfolio now features an array of global luxury brands and diverse food and beverage offerings.

Beyond the TarmacThe global airline industry continues to grapple with persistent supply chain disruptions, leading to increased costs, delays in fleet expansion, and operational inefficiencies.The sector relies heavily on highly intricate global supply chains for critical components such as engines, avionics, and landing gear. Already, disruptions in these supply chains have significantly impacted aircraft deliveries, particularly from the industry’s leading manufacturers—Boeing and Airbus.Ongoing bottlenecks in raw materials and essential components have extended aircraft production timelines, affecting airlines’ fleet expansion and renewal strategies.Carriers engaged in cargo transportation are also facing capacity constraints and delivery delays, further complicating global trade logistics.In addition, airlines require a steady supply of spare parts to maintain operational efficiency. Supply chain disruptions have led to prolonged maintenance cycles, keeping aircraft grounded longer than expected.The limited availability of spare parts has forced many airlines to explore alternative suppliers, often at a premium cost, industry analysts point out.Disruptions in the supply chain have also affected fuel availability and distribution, contributing to fuel price volatility—one of the most significant cost factors for airlines. These challenges have placed further strain on operational budgets, compelling carriers to refine cost management strategies.Despite these challenges, airlines—particularly those in the Asia-Pacific region—are experiencing robust demand for air travel, driven by strong passenger traffic in key markets such as China and India.According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), total demand, measured in revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), was up 10% in January compared to the same month in 2024. Total capacity, measured in available seat kilometers (ASK), was up 7.1% year-on-year.The January load factor was 82.1% (+2.2 ppt compared to January 2024), an all-time high for that month.International demand rose 12.4% compared to January 2024. Capacity was up 8.7% year-on-year, and the load factor was 82.6% (+2.7 ppt compared to January 2024), an all-time high for January.Domestic demand rose 6.1% compared to January 2024. Capacity was up 4.5% year-on-year. The load factor was 81.2% (+1.2 ppt compared to January 2024), an all-time high for January.“We have seen a notable acceleration in demand this January, with a particularly strong performance by carriers based in the Asia-Pacific region. The record high load factors that accompany this strong demand are yet another reminder of the persistent supply chain issues in the aerospace sector,” said Willie Walsh, IATA’s Director General.“The strong growth in demand aligns with the results of our latest passenger survey (November 2024 ) in which 94% of travellers indicted that they planned to travel as much or more in the coming 12 months than they did in the past year.“Airlines are doing a good job of accommodating growing demand amid fleet and infrastructure constraints with satisfaction levels above 95%, and nearly 80% of travellers agreeing that air travel is good value for money.“Choice is an important component of this satisfaction. Some 70% prefer to pay the lowest fare and customise the additional services they need. It is important for regulators to clearly understand that the majority of travellers do not want to pay automatically for services they don’t need,” Walsh noted.Industry experts stress that persistent supply chain disruptions continue to affect aircraft manufacturing, maintenance, and overall airline profitability.To mitigate these challenges, airlines need to diversify their supplier base, enhance inventory management, and adopt more flexible operational strategies to ensure resilience in an evolving aviation landscape.

Banks in Qatar exhibit sufficient profitability and robust capital strength, with both Tier 1 and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) surpassing the mandated regulatory thresholds, a report by EY has shown.Domestic funding avenues are predicted to adequately finance credit expansion in Qatar this year with the completion of major infrastructure projects and increased liquefied natural gas (LNG) production, ‘EY GCC Banking Sector Outlook 2024 report’ said.“The expansion of gas production in Qatar will underpin the resilience of local banks this year,” it said.According to the report, GCC banks will continue to benefit from strong capital levels, supporting their overall performance in 2025. Credit growth in most GCC countries is broadly based on a strong project pipeline, with aggregate contract awards driven by infrastructure development, especially in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.The positive trajectory is expected to continue in the near future. This outlook is supported by rising lending volumes, increased fee income, stable margins and effective cost management. As the cost of lending turns more favorable, GCC countries might expand their investments globally.EY MENA Financial Services leader Mayur Pau noted, “As we go into the first quarter of 2025, the GCC banking industry should remain strong due to considerable capital cushions, healthy asset quality indicators and adequate profitability. Furthermore, resilient economies, the region’s economic diversification efforts and enabling policies will support higher consumption and investment, further boosting the sector’s performance.“The upcoming financial year looks to be a transformative period, with advancements in technology, shifts in consumer behavior and regulatory changes shaping the future of banking.”Non-oil growth remains a bright spot: GDP growth in the GCC is projected at 3.5% in 2025. Interest rate cuts, together with further investment and structural reform initiatives, will mean non-oil growth of over 3.4% in the region’s two largest economies – Saudi Arabia and the UAE.As per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the current account surplus is expected to be 8.2% of the GDP in 2025. On the fiscal front, a surplus of 3.9% of the GDP is forecast for 2025.Global oil demand is forecasted to increase by 1.6mn bpd to 104.5mn bpd in 2025, reflecting the end of the post-Covid-19 pandemic release of pent-up demand, challenging global economic conditions and clean energy technology deployment.Non-OPEC+ producers are likely to account for the bulk of the increase if OPEC+ voluntary cuts remain in place. High oil prices – with the average for 2024 estimated at $81 per barrel – and favorable economic growth have supported the GCC banks’ healthy finances.GDP growth in the GCC is forecast to rebound to 3.5% in 2024, up from 1.4%, as oil production gradually increases, providing a boost to the region's economies, EY said.Hydrocarbon growth is likely to be 3.3%, while non-hydrocarbon sectors are forecast to grow at 3.4%, supported by strong domestic investment momentum.GCC banks have shown sustained growth in credit facilities during 2024, supported by economic transformation plans, robust project pipeline, healthy demand and resilient economic conditions. The banks are well-capitalised with strong asset quality indicator and are likely to uphold this strong performance trajectory throughout 2025.“To fortify their profitability and improve cost optimisation in the current landscape, GCC banks should consider how to best to navigate a new normal that not only addresses regulatory fragmentation and national interests, but fully harnesses the power of technology and its multiple scopes such as digitisation, generative AI (GenAI), open banking and APIs, and the digital currency revolution – all while committing to a sustainable future. This will ensure they remain competitive and agile to better counteract the pressure of contracting margins,” Pau said.Ends

The Middle East region is expected to increase its LNG exports by approximately 106mn tonnes, accounting for 27% of the global LNG supply by 2050, GECF said and noted Qatar will mainly drive the region’s gas exports during the forecast period.LNG exports are projected to expand significantly over the next three decades, the Gas Exporting Countries Forum has said in its ‘Global Gas Outlook 2050’.The number of LNG-exporting countries is expected to rise from the current 22 to 27 by 2050, leading to a more diversified supply landscape, with North America emerging as the dominant LNG-exporting region by mid-century.The Middle East is set to follow closely behind North America, with its share of global LNG exports projected to reach 25% by 2050, compared to 24% in 2023.Qatar, already a leading LNG exporter, is expanding its liquefaction capacity through the North Field East and North Field South projects, while the UAE and Oman are ramping up production to meet growing global demand.These investments will further strengthen the Middle East’s position as a key LNG supplier, particularly to Asia Pacific and Europe, reinforcing its strategic importance in the evolving global LNG market.Qatar aims to nearly double its LNG production capacity, increasing output by approximately 85% from the current 77Mtpy to 142Mtpy by 2030.This ambitious growth, led by the North Field Expansion project, will be implemented in three phases – through the North Field East (NFE), South (NFS), and West (NFW) expansion projects – and could contribute to a global oversupply later in the decade.“This significant expansion will underpin Qatar’s continued and sustainable economic growth, aligning with the Qatar National Vision 2030,” GECF said.GECF noted Qatar remains the dominant player in the Middle East’s midstream gas sector. With the North Field East (NFE) and North Field South (NFS) expansion projects, Qatar is set to significantly increase its LNG export capacity by 65Mtpy, bringing the total to 142Mtpy by the early 2030s.The NFE project, valued at approximately $29bn is expected to commence operations by 2026, while the NFS project, estimated at over $14bn will follow shortly thereafter.In 2023, some 12 of the 20 LNG suppliers were GECF member countries, collectively supplying 193Mt of LNG and meeting 47% of global LNG demand.LNG trade is poised for significant growth among GECF member countries over the forecast period. This trend is driven by financial and technological advancements, making LNG more accessible to new consumers.As global natural gas demand increases, LNG is emerging as a strategic commodity, influencing the political and economic landscapes of gas-producing countries.Projections indicate that LNG exports from GECF member countries will reach approximately 445Mt by 2050, accounting for 56% of global LNG exports.

QatarEnergy benefits from significant scale of its proven gas reserves and the low-cost nature of its operations, according to Moody’s.“QatarEnergy has a strong LNG franchise, with a global market share of around 20% in 2023, and continues to expand capacity. We expect the company's credit quality to remain strong over the investment period thanks to earnings and cash generation driven by favourable hydrocarbon prices.“QatarEnergy's focus on LNG distinguishes it from peers in the context of the carbon transition. Demand for LNG is likely to peak significantly later than demand for other fossil fuels thanks to its use as a transition fuel away from more polluting primary energy sources such as coal and oil,” Moody’s said in a recent report.GCC exporters such as national oil and gas companies and petrochemical producers usually have very strong operating profiles underpinned by large scale, a very good track record of execution and low cost operations. The hydrocarbon producers also benefit from favourable geological characteristics in the region.Many rated GCC companies have very strong credit quality thanks to sound macroeconomic and operating conditions, robust business models, sound operating execution and prudent financial discipline. This, Moody’s noted, translates into good financial performance, strong credit metrics and solid liquidity which are likely to be sustained over the next 12 months.Rated GCC companies’ total outstanding debt has been stable at around $410bn in recent years and is likely to remain at this level in 2025, Moody’s noted.Oil and gas and petrochemical companies reduced their debt burdens in 2022-23 thanks to buoyant industry conditions and are likely to sustain these lower levels in 2024-25.By contrast, non-energy related companies modestly increased their debt in 2023-24, although generally in line with their business growth.Cash holdings rose to $200bn in 2023 from $125bn in 2019.The bulk of that increase came from oil and gas and petrochemical companies thanks to high hydrocarbon prices and favourable petrochemical industry conditions.However, this accumulated cash will be used in 2024-25 for capital spending and dividend payments amid more moderate market conditions.For the other companies Moody’s rate, cash accumulated at a slower pace.Total revenue increased to $742bn in 2023 from $507bn in 2019, up 46%, and is likely to remain flat in 2024-25. For sectors other than oil and gas and petrochemicals, growth has been steady.Revenue has fluctuated in the oil and gas sector in line with oil prices, while petrochemical companies have faced pressure over the last two years because of global industry conditions.Profitability remains robust in most sectors. Oil and gas, utilities and telecoms demonstrate stable and high profitability compared with peers. This is likely to be sustained in 2024-25, Moody’s noted.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming air travel in several key ways, making it more efficient and customer-friendly.AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants now help passengers with booking, check-in, and flight updates. Many top airlines have been extensively using AI-powered chatbots to assist travellers in real time.Industry experts say AI-powered biometric systems (facial recognition, iris scans) will reduce the need for physical passports and boarding passes, speeding up security and immigration checks. Ultimately, it will reduce wait times at airports around the globe.Artificial Intelligence analyses passenger data to offer personalised recommendations for seats, meals, and upgrades. Another incentive is that AI-driven tracking will be able to minimise lost luggage and automate baggage movement for faster transfers.Recently, the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) and Trip.com Group unveiled ‘Technology Game Changers: Future Trends in Travel & Tourism’ at ITB Berlin, spotlighting the innovations set to revolutionise the industry.The report explores some six transformative technologies shaping the future across four major trends: digital technologies, financial technologies, future of mobility, and breakthrough innovations.It suggests that by the end of the decade, AI agents won’t just automate travel searches and bookings – they could match human intelligence across many tasks, transforming travel and tourism as we know it.According to WTTC, quantum computing could soon be solving problems beyond our wildest thinking. From optimising global air traffic in real-time with unprecedented efficiency, to unlocking the next frontiers of space travel and deep-sea tourism, bringing both closer to reality.Supersonic flight is set to make a spectacular comeback, more than twenty years after Concorde retired. Boom Technology and United are gearing up to carry passengers at blistering speeds within the next four years.Meanwhile, smart cities with driverless cars and advanced air mobility won’t just reshape today’s top destinations – they’ll open doors to places once thought unreachable, redefining the tourist experience for the travellers of tomorrow.Julia Simpson, President & CEO, WTTC, said: “The travel and tourism sector is in the midst of a digital revolution. From AI-driven personalisation to advancements in aviation sustainability, innovation is reshaping how we explore the world.“As travellers turn to social media, streaming platforms, and cutting-edge tech to inspire and book trips in real time, platforms like Instagram are shifting from selling products to selling experiences. Meanwhile, technology is unlocking new adventures off the beaten track.“With innovation accelerating at an extraordinary pace, businesses that embrace these advancements today will be the industry leaders of tomorrow.”Boon Sian Chai, Managing Director & Vice President of International Markets at Trip.com Group, added: “Travellers today expect planning and booking to be intuitive, efficient, and hyper-personalised.“At Trip.com Group, we are pioneering AI-powered travel assistance, Super Apps, and innovations to cater to, and even exceed such expectations. This report is also an essential guide for businesses looking to stay ahead of rapid digital change.”Key insights from the report include:AI revolutionising travel: Some 94% of industry leaders see AI as mission-critical. AI-powered assistants like Trip.com’s TripGenie saw a 200% surge in usage in 2024, revolutionising trip planning and customer experiences.Super Apps redefining seamless travel: A survey of nearly 8,000 travellers found 97% want a single platform integrating flights, hotels, activities, and payments, for a frictionless journey.Greener travel takes off: From Virgin Atlantic’s first-ever 100% sustainable fuel transatlantic flight, to Port Miami’s expansion of shore power, the travel and tourism sector is advancing towards a more sustainable future.Space tourism lifts off: Once a distant dream, commercial space travel is rapidly approaching reality, with infrastructure and demand accelerating at an unprecedented pace.The report also underscores the critical need for investment in digital skills and regulatory frameworks to unlock the full potential of these technologies.With 91% of travel businesses planning to increase their tech investments, the industry is on the brink of its most significant transformation since the dawn of the Internet.Experts believe AI will make global air travel more connected, efficient, and environmentally friendly, leading to shorter travel times, lower costs, and (possibly) enhanced safety.However, they caution that addressing privacy, cybersecurity, and regulatory challenges will be essential for smooth implementation.

Natural gas demand has been projected to increase to 5,317 bcm by 2050, representing 32% growth over the forecast period, according to the Gas Exporting Countries Forum.Gas’ share in the global energy will rise from 23% to 26%, GECF noted.The power sector is expected to drive this expansion, adding 475 bcm (1.1% per year) to reach 1,866 bcm.Industrial demand, including feedstock applications, is expected to grow by 238 bcm (0.9% per year) to 1,095 bcm, maintaining its position as the second-largest source of natural gas consumption.Natural gas demand for hydrogen production is also set to rise significantly, with consumption exceeding 480 bcm by 2050, reflecting blue hydrogen’s growing role in decarbonisation strategies, GECF said in its latest ‘Globas Gas Outlook’.The share of natural gas in final energy consumption is projected to reach 16% by 2050, slightly increasing from 15% in 2023, despite shifting consumption patterns.A gradual transition is underway, with natural gas use shifting from direct consumption in end-use sectors toward transformation sectors such as power generation and hydrogen production, reinforcing its role in supporting cleaner energy systems.With the exception of Europe and North America, natural gas demand is set to continue expanding across all other regions.Asia Pacific is projected to surpass North America as the largest natural gas-consuming region within this decade, maintaining its lead through midcentury.The region is expected to witness a 710 bcm increase in demand, accounting for 55% of the total net growth by 2050, outpacing all other regions.The Middle East will closely follow, contributing nearly 24% of the global demand increase, as its consumption rises from 554 bcm in 2023 to 865 bcm by 2050, reflecting increasing industrialisation and expanding energy intensive sectors.Africa is poised for the strongest relative growth, with natural gas demand more than doubling (+126%) to reach 385 bcm by 2050, driven by accelerated energy access initiatives, industrial expansion, and economic development.Latin America will also experience substantial growth, adding 125 bcm to reach 275 bcm by 2050, accounting for nearly 10% of the global net increase, solidifying its role as an emerging natural gas market.Despite initial growth in natural gas demand in North America through 2030, the region is expected to peak thereafter, followed by a gradual decline by 2050, as mature markets shift toward lower-carbon alternatives and efficiency improvements reduce consumption. Europe’s demand is anticipated to continue declining over the coming decades, falling by 154 bcm to 309 bcm by 2050, reflecting its energy policies and deindustrialisation.These trends underscore natural gas’s dual role — acting as a transition fuel in Europe and a destination fuel in developing regions where infrastructure, energy security, and economic priorities drive long-term reliance on natural gas.The global natural gas supply landscape is undergoing a fundamental shift, with production increasingly concentrated in non-associated conventional gas resources, primarily in the Middle East, Eurasia, and Africa.In contrast, North America’s unconventional gas production is expected to peak at 1,205 bcm in the 2030s before gradually declining to 1,126 bcm by 2050 due to the maturation of key shale plays and a slowing expansion of new developments.Meanwhile, new projects, including yet-to-find (YTF) resources, are forecast to account for 81% of total global gas production by 2050, highlighting their critical role in offsetting natural decline from mature fields and sustaining long-term supply growth.

Qatar’s share of the Middle East region’s upstream investment is “substantial”, Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) said and noted in 2023, Qatar accounted for 45% of the region’s upstream gas investment at $9.6bn.In 2023, the region’s upstream gas investment stood at $21.3bn.According to GECF, the Qatar Gas LNG T8-T11 project in the North Field, Qatar Gas LNG T12-T13 in the North Field South, the North Field Sustainability project, and the North Field Compression project drive the growth in investment and future production.The key driver of the Middle East’s natural gas exports is expected to be the growth in LNG supplies, with Qatar at the forefront, GECF noted in the latest edition of its ‘Global Gas Outlook’.“Qatar’s position as a leading global LNG exporter is set to strengthen further, with 2024 marking the continued expansion of its liquefaction capacities,” GECF said.The Middle East is projected to hold an 18% share of global liquefaction investments, with Qatar leading the charge through its North Field Expansion (NFE and NFS).“These projects will significantly boost Qatar’s LNG output, solidifying its position as a cost-competitive, high-volume supplier to Asia and Europe,” GECF said.Qatar aims to nearly double its LNG production capacity, increasing output by approximately 85% from the current 77 mtpy to 142 mtpy by 2030.This ambitious growth, led by the North Field Expansion project, will be implemented in three phases – through the North Field East (NFE), South (NFS), and West (NFW) expansion projects – and could contribute to a global oversupply later in the decade.“This significant expansion will underpin Qatar’s continued and sustainable economic growth, aligning with the Qatar National Vision 2030,” GECF said.GECF noted Qatar remains the dominant player in the Middle East’s midstream gas sector. With the North Field East (NFE) and North Field South (NFS) expansion projects, Qatar is set to significantly increase its LNG export capacity by 65 mtpy, bringing the total to 142 mtpy by the early 2030s.The NFE project, valued at approximately $29bn is expected to commence operations by 2026, while the NFS project, estimated at over $14bn will follow shortly thereafter.These projects are supported by partnerships with leading global energy companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell, TotalEnergies, and Eni, ensuring robust financing and access to advanced technology. “Qatar’s long-term contracts and reliable export infrastructure further enhance its role as a stable LNG supplier to Asian and European markets,” GECF said.

Qatar’s natural gas production is expected to reach 244bcm in 2030 and grow to 300bcm by 2050, Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) has said in its Global Gas Outlook 2050.The focus on expansion and sustainability reflects Qatar’s strategic approach to energy development, balancing growth with responsible resource management, Doha-headquartered GECF said in its ‘Global Gas Outlook 2050’, which was released here on Monday.Qatar’s natural gas demand is projected to grow by 22bcm, reaching 71bcm by 2050, with an annual growth rate of 1.4%.Expanding LNG export production capacity and energy sector-related needs primarily drive this increase, GECF said.Qatar’s production stood at 169bcm in 2023, adding 4bcm primarily from the Barzan project, GECF noted.According to GECF, Qatar’s strategy focuses on expanding its LNG capacity, with gas production projected to reach 300bcm by 2050. This significant growth requires massive investments toward the North Field Expansion Project, the world’s largest natural gas reserve.These efforts aim to solidify Qatar’s position as a leading LNG exporter to Asia and Europe, strengthen its energy security, and align with global energy transition goals. Qatar’s stable investment environment, strengthened by long-termcontracts and established market access, further supports its growth as a reliable supplier in global energy markets.Qatar is also diversifying its gas use by investing in fertiliser production and low-carbon gas-based solutions, including the Ammonia-7 blue ammonia project, expected to begin operations in 2026.However, gas demand in power generation is expected to see only modest growth, GECF noted.Qatar aims to install 4GW of large-scale solar PV capacity by 2030, reflecting its commitment to renewable energy.GECF noted the Middle East’s long-term average annual growth rate is projected to reach 3% by 2050, reflecting a moderate slowdown compared to the historical average of 3.7% between 1996 and 2023.This deceleration is influenced by the maturing economies of key oil and gas exporters, including Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, which are expected to collectively account for over 55% of the region’s GDP through mid-century.Long-term growth rates for these countries are forecasted at 3%, 3.2%, and 3.4%, respectively, signalling a gradual easing of economic momentum as these economies transition from reliance on hydrocarbons to more diversified economic models.According to the outlook, the Middle East is positioning itself as a global leader in blue hydrogen production, leveraging its proximity to extensive natural gas reserves.This strategic focus not only enables the production of low-carbon hydrogen but also fosters the establishment and expansion of hydrogen markets.By 2050, 14% of the total incremental gas use in the region is projected to be associated with low-carbon hydrogen production. State-owned companies and government funding are driving the development of hydrogen projects, supported by advancements in CCUS technologies.These initiatives will ensure the long-term viability of the natural gas sector while contributing to global decarbonisation goals, GECF noted.Across the region, growing demand for natural gas in industry and power generation is expected to account for 57% of the total growth, or an additional 163bcm by 2050.As an energy source and feedstock, industrial gas use is set to play a pivotal role, adding 83bcm over the forecast period. Expanding gas-to-chemicals, petrochemicals, fertiliser production, and light manufacturing industries will drive this growth.“Natural gas is expected to remain integral to powering water desalination through cogeneration facilities or membrane technologies reliant on electricity,” GECF said in its latest gas outlook.

There has only been a marginal rise in the number of announced greenfield FDIs in the GCC in 2024, according to Emirates NBD.In a recent research, the bank said the number of greenfield FDIs in the GCC grew just under 1% to 1,830 in 2024 from 1,813 in 2023.Despite the low pace of growth, the number of new projects remains well above the pre-Covid average.There does, however, appear to have been a decline in the average project value across the GCC, with the total value of projects having fallen by 26% year-on-year (y-o-y) in 2024.The primary sources of FDI into GCC economies in 2024, on a value basis, included the US (25%), China (17%), the UK (9%) and India (9%).The UAE also made a material contribution to greenfield FDI in the rest of the GCC, accounting for 5% of announced projects in 2024. Sectors seeing the highest value of greenfield projects include communications (18%), renewables (14%), metals (8%), electronic components (8%), as well as coal, oil and gas (8%).Global FDI flows declined in 2024 in both value and volume. UNCTAD estimates that the number and value of announced greenfield FDI projects declined by 8% and 7% y-o-y respectively.Despite the annual decline, the value of greenfield project announcements remains high by historical standards because of several large-scale projects related to the manufacturing of semiconductors and AI technology.The UAE features as the source country for two of the top 10 projects by value of investment, including a real estate investment into Ras El-Hekma in Egypt by ADQ and an investment by Mubadala in semiconductor manufacturing in the US.While the aggregate value of greenfield projects fell in 2024, there were pronounced differences across geographical regions.Developed economies saw a 15% y-o-y rise in the value of announced greenfield projects, disproportionately driven by large increases in the value of projects in the US (+93% y/y) and the UK (+32% y/y).In contrast, developing economies in saw a 24% y-o-y decline in the value of announced greenfield projects, Emirates NBD noted.

The Qatari insurers’ profitability metrics, particularly underwriting performance and return on equity (ROE), have outperformed those of other GCC insurers, S&P Global Ratings has said in a report.The other tailwind favouring local insurers, according to S&P, is that exposure to natural catastrophes and potential earnings volatility from weather events is relatively low in Qatar.However, S&P cautioned that Qatari insurers’ exposure to equity and real estate assets is high and could cause earnings and capital volatility.Despite ongoing geopolitical tensions and global trade disputes, S&P forecasts that economic conditions in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) region will remain favourable in 2025.“We expect economic expansion, population growth, and mandatory insurance schemes will increase insurance demand in most GCC countries this year. Overall satisfactory underwriting results and relatively high interest rates will support earnings,” the report said.Yet, S&P noted that increasing competition and volatile equity markets could weigh on bottom line results. The size and profitability gaps between large and small companies will likely continue to widen.“Although we forecast that credit conditions of highly rated insurers in our portfolio will remain stable, we anticipate that the credit strength of some smaller and midsize insurers could continue to weaken. This is because ongoing topline growth, weak earnings, and high operating costs could impair these players’ capital and solvency buffers,” the report said.Ongoing infrastructure developments, introduction of mandatory insurance schemes, population growth, and rate adjustments have been key growth drivers, particularly in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, where the size of insurance markets doubled over 2020-2025.S&P projects top-line growth of about 5%-15% in most GCC insurance markets in 2025.Apart from the UAE, insurance penetration – measured by gross written premiums divided by GDP – remains relatively low in GCC countries, compared with other regions, S&P noted.However, GDP data in the GCC region captures the high income from the oil and gas sector, meaning insurance penetration ratios are distorted.Growth potential is significant, particularly in the long-term life and savings sector.The long-term life and savings business represents only 5% of total premium income in Saudi Arabia and Qatar.The rating outlooks on insurers in S&P’s portfolio, which typically comprises market-leading insurers, are mainly stable, supported by robust earnings and capitalisation.About 90% of rated insurers hold capital at the highest level, as per our risk-based capital adequacy model.“That said, we expect some rated and not rated smaller and midsize insurers could face headwinds in 2025 if competition further intensifies. This could widen the gap between top-tier and lower-tier insurers,” S&P said.

Qatar’s banking sector kicked off the year on a “positive note” with loan book and deposits making good gains in January, according to QNB Financial Services (QNBFS). Credit facilities extended by local banks increased by 1.9% during January to reach QR1,372.5bn. The loans rise in January was mainly due to a jump by 5.3% in the public sector. Loans went up by 4.6% in 2024, compared to a growth of 2.5% in 2023, growing by an average 5.4% over the past five years (2020-2024) Loan provisions to gross loans was marginally lower at 3.8% in January, compared to 3.9% in December 2024. Deposits went up by 1.3% during January to reach QR1,040.0bn. The deposits gain in January 2025 was mainly due to a surge by 1.5% in private sector deposits and a rise by 1% in public sector deposits. Deposits increased 4.1% in 2024, compared to a decline by 1.3% in 2023, growing by an average 3.9% over the past five years (2020-2024). Total assets edged lower by 0.3% during January to QR2.040tn, QNBFS data reveal. The total assets slide in January was mainly due to a decline by 2.3% in foreign assets and a 8.4% drop in reserves. Total assets gained by 3.9% in 2024, compared to a growth of 3.4% in 2023; assets grew by an average 5.7% over the past five years (2020-2024). Liquid assets to total assets moved lower to 30.2% in January, compared to 31.3% in December 2024, which still remains in a healthy position. Loan provisions to gross loans edged lower to 3.8% in January, compared to 3.9% in December 2024. Loan provisions have increased from 2.3% in 2019 to 3.9% in 2024 and 3.8% (as at January) as banks have been provisioning for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loans mainly emanating from contracting and real estate sectors. The overall loan book gained (by 1.9%) in January, pushed higher mainly by public sector loans, QNBFS noted. Total public sector loans rose by 5.3% MoM (+5.0% in 2024) in January. The government segment (represents 31% of public sector loans) was the main driver for the public sector gain with a jump by 13.3% (+3.6% in 2024), while the government institutions’ segment (represents 65% of public sector loans) moved up by 2.2% MoM (+7.7% in 2024). However, the semi-government institutions segment was marginally lower by 0.2% MoM (-18.0% in 2024) during January, QNBFS noted. According to an analyst “2025 has started on a positive note as both the loan book and deposits made good gains during January.” “The 1.9% rise in the overall loan book in January 2025 came mainly from the public sector as government credit facilities jumped by 13.3%, driven by government overdraft facilities shooting up by 26.5% in January and gives indication of increased government spending needs. The overall deposits growth of 1.3% at the start of 2025 has come in from all three main sectors, namely private sector, public sector and non-residents,” the analyst told Gulf Times.