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Saturday, May 30, 2026 | Daily Newspaper published by GPPC Doha, Qatar.

Tag Results for "global supplies" (4 articles)

A passenger aircraft, operated by Deutsche Lufthansa, at Frankfurt Airport. The Iran war has squeezed global supplies of jet fuel, threatening to upend vacation plans as the peak summer travel season approaches in the Northern Hemisphere.
Business

How a jet fuel supply crunch threatens summer flights

The Iran war has squeezed global supplies of jet fuel, threatening to upend vacation plans as the peak summer travel season approaches in the Northern Hemisphere. The near-halt of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has disrupted oil exports from the Gulf, forcing refineries elsewhere to cut production of jet fuel and its base ingredient, kerosene. Compounding the problem, refiners in the Middle East, where more than 10% of the world’s jet fuel and kerosene is typically produced, have struggled to deliver cargoes to buyers outside the region. Jet fuel prices have risen even more than those of crude oil since the conflict started. They’ve surged to records, topping $200 a barrel in Europe. Faced with higher fuel costs and lower supply, airlines have axed thousands of flights; grounded older, less-efficient aircraft; and raised airfares. Further cancellations may be around the corner. Which markets are seeing the biggest disruption?Asia has been hit particularly hard since it normally receives the majority of the crude oil shipped through the Strait of Hormuz. Asian refineries’ output of jet fuel and kerosene fell to 2.9mn barrels a day in April, a decline of more than half-a-million barrels a day from February, according to figures from the OilX service of Energy Aspects. Europe is under pressure, as well. Refineries there have been closing for years, unable to compete with bigger and more-efficient plants in Asia. About 40% of the jet fuel used by the European Union is imported, and half of that typically comes through Hormuz. Shell Plc said refineries in Europe are maximizing jet-fuel production. The region has also been purchasing more barrels from North America and Africa, according to data from Vortexa. But it’s unclear how well these supplies will hold up going forward, especially as jet fuel demand typically rises during the summer. If Europe is unable to replace more than half of its lost Middle East supply, its jet fuel inventories could reach critical levels in June, according to the International Energy Agency, at which point “physical shortages may emerge at select airports, resulting in flight cancellations, and demand destruction.” President Donald Trump has said the US has “plenty” of jet fuel. He’s rejected the idea of export curbs to protect domestic supply and previously called on nations to buy from America. But US refiners are already churning out record volumes, leaving limited room to ramp up production further, and are selling most of their jet fuel domestically. North America routinely uses “Jet A” fuel. This has a higher freezing point than “Jet A1,” which is traditionally used in Europe and other parts of the world. The European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, said in May that there are “no regulatory obstacles to the use of Jet A fuel imported to Europe.” While the US is more cushioned from the global supply crunch as a net exporter of jet fuel, the West Coast still imports about 15%-20% of its jet fuel, largely from South Korea, versus 5% or less for other states, according to the American Petroleum Institute. Which airlines are most affected?Jet fuel is the second-largest expense for airlines after labor. It can account for as much as 30% of operating costs, according to the International Air Transport Association. Many carriers engage in fuel hedging, locking in a price now for jet fuel to be delivered at a later date. This protects them from price increases down the line, although the strategy can backfire if jet fuel becomes cheaper. European airlines have hedged a significant portion of their fuel requirements for the coming months. By contrast, most US carriers — the largest in the world by capacity — stopped hedging after suffering losses during the oil price swings around the 2008 financial crisis. That’s left them more exposed to the war-driven jet fuel price surge. American Airlines Group Inc. said it faces more than $4bn in additional costs this year, while British Airways owner IAG SA said it expects to pay about €2bn ($2.4bn) more for fuel in 2026. Budget airlines are being squeezed because their business models are based on keeping costs low so they can offer cheap fares and frequent flights. US-based Spirit Aviation Holdings Inc shut down in early May after the increase in fuel prices complicated its plans to emerge from bankruptcy, and it failed to secure a federal bailout. It wasn’t the only one seeking financial assistance. A group of carriers asked the Trump administration for $2.5bn, according to people familiar with the discussions. Have airfares increased?Airlines have been leaning on customers to absorb the extra billions of dollars in jet fuel costs, adding fuel surcharges to tickets and raising fees to check bags and select seats. Some airline bosses have urged travelers to book flights sooner rather than later to avoid even bigger price increases if the war in the Middle East drags on. The fare jump has been prominent in Asia. Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd has been adjusting its fuel levies, which will amount to around $350 for long-haul, round-trip flights from mid-May. In the US, as of April 27, the average cost of a round-trip international flight had risen 16% from a year earlier to $1,101, according to travel comparison site Kayak. The average price of a domestic round-trip ticket increased 24% to $365. 

Gulf Times
Business

How a jet fuel supply crunch threatens summer flights

The Iran war has squeezed global supplies of jet fuel, threatening to upend vacation plans as the peak summer travel season approaches in the Northern Hemisphere.The near-halt of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has disrupted oil exports from the Arabian Gulf, forcing refineries elsewhere to cut production of jet fuel and its base ingredient kerosene. Compounding the problem, refiners in the Middle East, where more than 10% of the world’s jet fuel and kerosene is typically produced, have struggled to deliver cargoes to buyers outside the region.Jet fuel prices have risen even more than those of crude oil since the conflict started. They’ve surged to records, topping $200 a barrel in Europe. Faced with higher fuel costs and lower supply, airlines have axed thousands of flights; grounded older, less-efficient aircraft; and raised airfares. Further cancellations may be around the corner. Which markets are seeing the biggest disruption?Asia has been hit particularly hard since it normally receives the majority of the crude oil shipped through the Strait of Hormuz. Asian refineries’ output of jet fuel and kerosene is expected to fall to 2.9mn barrels a day in April, a decline of more than half-a-million barrels a day from February, according to figures from the OilX service of Energy Aspects.Europe is under pressure as well. Refineries there have been closing for years, unable to compete with the bigger and more-efficient plants in Asia. About 40% of the jet fuel used by the European Union is imported, and half of that typically comes through Hormuz.Shell Plc said refineries in Europe are maximizing jet-fuel production. The region has also been purchasing more barrels from North America and Africa, according to data from Vortexa. But it’s unclear how long these sources can keep compensating for the drop in Middle Eastern flows, especially as jet fuel demand rises during the summer.If Europe is unable to replace more than half of its lost Middle East supply, its jet fuel inventories could reach critical levels in June, according to the International Energy Agency, at which point “physical shortages may emerge at select airports, resulting in flight cancellations, and demand destruction.”President Donald Trump says the US has “plenty” of jet fuel, and he’s called on nations to increase their purchases from America. But US refiners are already churning out record volumes, leaving limited room to ramp up production further, and are selling most of their jet fuel domestically.And while the US is more cushioned from the global supply crunch as a net exporter of jet fuel, the West Coast still imports about 15%-20% of its jet fuel, largely from South Korea, versus 5% or less for other states, according to the American Petroleum Institute. Which airlines are most affected?Jet fuel is the second-largest expense for airlines after labor. It can account for as much as 30% of operating costs, according to the International Air Transport Association.Many carriers engage in fuel hedging, locking in a price now for jet fuel to be delivered at a later date. This protects them from price increases down the line, although the strategy can backfire if jet fuel becomes cheaper. European airlines have hedged a significant portion of their fuel requirements for the coming months.By contrast, most US carriers — the largest airlines in the world by capacity — stopped hedging after suffering losses during the oil price swings around the 2008 financial crisis. That’s left them more exposed to the war-driven jet fuel price spike. American Airlines Group Inc said it faces more than $4bn in additional costs this year, while Delta Air Lines Inc Chief Executive Officer Ed Bastian said his company will spend an extra $2.5bn on jet fuel in the second quarter.Budget airlines are being squeezed because their business models are based on keeping costs low so they can offer cheap fares and frequent flights. A group of carriers in the US asked the Trump administration for $2.5bn in financial assistance, according to people familiar with the discussions. Spirit Aviation Holdings Inc has also been in talks for a federal bailout of as much as $500mn after the increase in fuel prices complicated its plans to emerge from bankruptcy. Have airfares increased?Airlines have been leaning on customers to absorb the extra billions of dollars in jet fuel costs, adding fuel surcharges to tickets and raising fees to check bags and select seats. Some airline bosses have urged travelers to book flights sooner rather than later to avoid even bigger price increases if the war in the Middle East drags on.The fare jump has been most prominent in Asia. Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd introduced fuel levies of about $400 on long-haul, round-trip flights. Malaysian budget carrier AirAsia X Bhd has increased fares by as much as 40%.In the US, as of April 20, the average cost of a round-trip international flight had risen 14% from a year earlier to $1,097, according to travel comparison site Kayak. The average price of a domestic round-trip ticket had increased 19% to $361.Even if the Strait of Hormuz reopens, it will take time for Gulf flows of oil and jet fuel to return to normal. Even then, airfares are expected to remain elevated for some time as airlines try to recoup their additional expenses. United Airlines Holdings Inc anticipates it can recapture as much as 100% of the higher fuel costs by the end of the year by increasing prices for customers. Have flights been canceled?Globally, the number of seats across scheduled flights for May has been reduced by about 3 percentage points, and all but one of the 20 largest airlines have slashed flights, according to data compiled by analytics firm Cirium Ltd. The cuts have focused on less-profitable routes and off-peak flights. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Europe’s largest airline group, said it’s scrapping 20,000 uneconomic short-haul flights in the region this summer.The trimming of itineraries could ease the pressure on jet fuel supply. That will be of little comfort to passengers whose travel plans are disrupted. Protections for consumers in the event of flight cancellations vary by country. Most airlines issue refunds, provide credit for another booking or offer an alternative flight if the original journey is canceled.Whether passengers are entitled to compensation for the inconvenience depends on if the disruption is considered within the carrier’s control under local law. Extraordinary circumstances that exempt airlines from providing compensation include war and extreme weather events. It’s unclear whether jet fuel shortages or high fuel costs meet this threshold. 

Gulf Times
Business

Fertiliser shock escalates as new supply risks emerge

The war in the Middle East has created major disruptions to global supplies of nitrogen-based crop nutrients. Now a potentially bigger threat is emerging in another important part of the fertilizer market.The focus since the conflict began has been on urea, a key nitrogen fertilizer used on corn. Prices for the nutrient have surged as the war blocks shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, sending farmers scrambling to procure supplies. What’s been largely overlooked in the chaos is the risk to phosphate fertilizers — key for crops like soybeans, a cornerstone of food production.The Middle East accounts for only about a fifth of global trade for three key phosphate products, according to The Fertilizer Institute. But almost half of the world’s supply of sulfur — which is turned into sulfuric acid for the processing of phosphate fertilizer — comes from countries in the Middle East vulnerable to disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz.The effects along the supply chain could start to be “exponential” if the conflict continues for much longer, once producers work through existing sulfur and sulfuric acid reserves, said Andy Hemphill, who covers sulfuric acid markets for commodity pricing platform ICIS.That’s bad news for the global food supply, which counts on phosphate to support the growth of everything from soybeans to potatoes. The conflict is already raising concerns over inflation and food security. It’s also the latest threat to US farmers, who were already weathering years of high production costs. Nearly 80% of the US’s phosphorus is applied to its soy and corn fields, which in turn are processed both into livestock feed and fuel.Even before the conflict, supplies of both phosphate and sulfur were already tight. Sulfur prices had surged to record highs, driven in part by demand from the mining industry, which uses sulfuric acid to extract metals such as copper and nickel. Russian exports have been constrained by the war in Ukraine and an export ban, while China has curbed phosphate shipments to prioritize domestic use.US policy has added further strain. Duties imposed in 2023 on Moroccan phosphate — still in place — and broader tariffs implemented last year by President Donald Trump have limited imports.“Phosphate had plenty of problems of its own before the war started. This war has just made the bad situation worse,” said Josh Linville, vice president for fertilizers at brokerage StoneX Group. “I would dare say it’s almost in worse shape than what urea, nitrogen is in today.”Efforts were made to rebuild inventories, particularly of phosphates, after fertilizer was exempted from some tariffs late last year, said Veronica Nigh, chief economist at The Fertilizer Institute. But she said the real challenge is on sulfur supplies. The conflict in Israel had already raised sulfur prices so much that some phosphate production had shut down.“Sulfur is used for a lot of things, and if we are in a situation where we are in a constrained supply situation, fertilizer may not be the first use case of that sulfur,” Nigh said. “It could be a more prolonged problem.”Sulfur contracts in Tampa — a key US benchmark that is settled quarterly — reached a record price in late January, according to Bloomberg Green Markets data going back to 2012. New Orleans prices for diammonium phosphate, the world’s most common phosphate fertilizer, are at a nearly four-month high.Fertilizer producers will be squeezed as competing buyers, particularly mining companies, will be able to pay more, said Faraz Ahmed, a director at Montage Commodities, a trading house based in the United Arab Emirates. The impact to phosphate fertilizer prices could come as soon as April, when India typically steps up purchases for its domestic production — a move that could push the market in “panic mode,” he said.The situation is intensifying calls in the US for more stability in the markets. Farmers depend on three main families of fertilizer products: nitrogen, phosphate and potash. Only the latter, which is largely sourced from Canada and is applied alongside phosphate to soy crops, is largely insulated from the current global supply shock.Farm groups are urging the government to suspend duties on fertilizer from Morocco, which holds the world’s largest phosphate rock reserves, arguing that high prices and geopolitical risks have already reduced the need for protectionist measures.Those duties — put in place in 2021 after Florida-based Mosaic Co asked the Commerce Department for an investigation — are currently under review. The American Farm Bureau Federation asked Trump to temporarily suspend such fees, while a coalition of the US’s biggest farm groups last week asked fertilizer manufacturers Mosaic and JR Simplot Co to withdraw their support of the duties. The companies on March 17 sent letters to the Commerce Department saying they intended to participate in the agency’s review.Meanwhile, affordability is already curbing demand. David Delaney, chief executive officer of phosphate producer Itafos Inc, said he expected US phosphate use to fall about 20% in the 12 months ending in June. Supply constraints could push that decline further — especially if farmers plant more soybeans instead of corn to avoid high nitrogen costs.“It’s going to be tight through spring, through summer and through the fall,” said Delaney. “Will there be enough to get through spring with a 20% cutback? Probably, but we end the season completely empty.” 

Gulf Times
Business

Consumers feel pinch at pump as Russia drives oil refining boom

It’s a great time to be an oil refiner — but a less great time to be filling up at the pump.In Europe, the US and Asia, giant plants are making money by doing what they’ve always done: converting crude oil into vital fuels and selling them at a profit.What’s different today is the scale of the threat to global supplies: Relentless attacks on Russia’s energy infrastructure, outages at key plants in Asia and Africa and permanent closures across Europe and the US have removed millions of barrels of diesel and gasoline from the world market.On top of these real-world impacts are traders’ fears of what’s yet to come: imminent US sanctions on Lukoil PJSC and Rosneft PJSC and fresh European Union curbs on fuels made from Russian crude threaten already squeezed supply-chains.The result is ongoing pressure on costs at the pump despite a fall in global oil prices — something that’s unlikely to sit well with a US administration that sees “affordable energy” as essential.“Global refinery margins are astronomical,” said Eugene Lindell, head of refined products at consultancy FGE NexantECA. “The signal you’re giving the global refining system, no matter where the refinery is located, is to just run flat out.”In the US, Europe and Asia, margins are the highest they’ve been at this time of year since at least 2018, according to fair value data compiled by Bloomberg. The profits are so good that refiners’ stock prices are also surging: Processors including Valero Energy Corp and Turkiye Petrol Rafinerileri AS have seen stellar rises, while Orlen SA gained more than 100% year-to-date.While expectations of a glut are dragging on crude prices, disruption to the global refining system is limiting how much oil can be turned into products like gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. While that benefits the processors still running, it also means the slump in headline oil prices isn’t being felt at the pump.A constant stream of attacks on Russia’s refineries — just this month, Ukraine claimed strikes on the Saratov, Orsk and Volgograd plants — is hampering fuel production. Last month, Russia’s huge oil product exports were on course to hit a multi-year low, and that was before drone attacks damaged key loading facilities in the port city of Tuapse.Product supplies are being further squeezed by outages elsewhere. In Kuwait, the giant 615,000 barrel-a-day Al-Zour refinery recently had only one of its three crude processing units operating, while a key gasoline-production unit at Nigeria’s huge Dangote refinery is reportedly scheduled to halt for about 50 days of maintenance in coming weeks, having only recently begun restarting.Meanwhile, US crude runs in recent weeks have been more than a million barrels a day lower than the same time last year, a huge drop from the peak summer demand months, when processing was at its highest seasonal level since 2019. The country has seen multiple refinery closures in recent years, as has western Europe, further pressuring fuel supplies.“Global refining activity has been challenged by a series of unplanned outages in October, further constraining product markets and pushing margins even higher,” the International Energy Agency said Thursday. Increased profits have prompted the watchdog to raise its estimates for runs at margin-sensitive refining assets in Europe and Asia this month and next.In the US, the upshot is a rise in the average price of diesel since President Trump took office, and little change in the cost of gasoline, which on Thursday stood at $3.08 a gallon. Benchmark crude futures have meanwhile come off about 20% since his second inauguration, amid forecasts of a large surplus.Supercharging these ongoing real-world supply pressures are traders’ fears over what’s on the horizon.“The current strength in refining margins is at least partially being driven by uncertainty around the upcoming US sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil, as well as the EU’s January prohibitions on Russian products,” said Rebecca Babin, a senior energy trader at CIBC Private Wealth Group.FGE’s Lindell estimates Lukoil and Rosneft’s combined Russia oil product exports are more than 800,000 barrels a day. The global seaborne trade in oil products is about 22mn barrels a day, according to Clarkson Research Services Ltd., a unit of the world’s largest shipbroker.Any major disruption to those exports would be a shock to the global fuels market, though the extent to which those barrels would really disappear is unclear. Russia has shown that it often manages to work around sanctions.There are also questions about what comes next for refineries outside Russia in which Lukoil is involved, including Bulgaria’s Burgas facility, the Netherlands’ Zeeland plant and Romania’s Petrotel.Then there are the EU restrictions, coming into force January 21, which restrict the delivery of petroleum products made from Russian crude into the bloc. Precisely how these will end up impacting Europe’s diesel supplies from India and Turkey — both of which have also been key importers of Russian crude — remains to be seen.“The sanctions against Rosneft and Lukoil, on top of the recent sanctions package out of the EU, tightened the noose around Russia’s neck,” said Carolyn Kissane, an associate dean at the Center for Global Affairs at New York University, where she teaches about energy and climate change. “At the same time, you’re seeing more attacks driven by Ukraine against Russian infrastructure, which is a hit to the products market.”