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Gold pared gains as traders grew cautious on bets of further monetary easing next year after US Federal Reserve officials offered strongly opposing views on Friday.Declines in US equities, driven by a selloff in technology shares, also meant some investors may have to exit their positions in metals to cover losses elsewhere.Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland President Beth Hammack said she would prefer interest rates be slightly more restrictive to keep pressure on inflation, which remains too high. Kansas City Fed President Jeff Schmid made the same argument, adding that’s why he dissented against the central bank’s decision this week to lower rates.After the policymakers’ remarks, yields on Treasury 30-year bonds rose, sending bullion lower by as much as 0.5% before paring some of the losses. The precious metal typically performs well in a lower-rate environment and investors now are looking for more certainty on the outlook.The selloff appears broad-based across commodities markets and risk assets and is likely related to the aftermath of Wednesday’s Fed meeting, said Dan Ghali, senior commodity strategist at TD Securities.Gold traders initially cheered the Fed’s announcement that it will begin buying $40bn of Treasury bills per month starting December 12 as it’s looking to rebuild reserves in the financial system, a move signalling more easing ahead. The Fed stopped shrinking its holdings earlier this month, a process known as quantitative tightening, amid signs reserves in the banking system were no longer abundant.Markets are still debating whether the central bank’s reserve management purchases program is an effective form of quantitative easing, Ghali said.The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday US President Donald Trump said he was leaning toward choosing either former Fed governor Kevin Warsh or National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett to lead the Federal Reserve next year. Hassett has emerged as the front runner and is widely considered a supporter of Trump’s preference for lower rates.Silver retreated from an all-time high above $64. The white metal has been on a tear recently, helped by exchange-traded fund inflows and physical market tightness.On iShares Silver Trust (SLV), the largest silver ETF, total call open interest hit the highest since 2021 this week. Meanwhile its total put open interest is at a record. The cost of buying calls relative to the cost of buying equivalent puts, which protect against downside in prices, has also jumped to a years-long high in recent weeks.Spot gold gained 0.6% to $4,304.26 an ounce in New York on Friday. Silver tumbled 2.4%. Platinum rose while palladium fell. The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index was up 0.1%. 

Asian equities staggered into the weekend on Friday following a mixed week that saw an agreement on a Middle East ceasefire and huge new AI investments play off against the US shutdown and concerns about a tech bubble.In Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 closed down 1.0% to 48,088.80 points; Hong Kong — Hang Seng Index ended down 1.7% to 26,290.32 points and Shanghai — Composite closed down 0.9% to 3,897.03 points Friday.While some markets hit record highs along with gold and bitcoin, talk is growing that valuations among some companies may have run too high, sparking talk of a pullback.Buying sentiment got another boost this week from news that ChatGPT-maker OpenAI had signed multi-billion-dollar chip deals with South Korean titans Samsung and SK hynix as well as US firm AMD.The spending added to the hundreds of billions already pumped into the sector as firms look to get ahead on the sphere of artificial intelligence.That in turn has seen investors flood into the tech sector, sending stock prices rocketing — with US chip leader Nvidia topping a $4tn market capitalisation.However, there are rumblings that the rally could run out of steam, causing jitters on trading floors."Some areas of the market appear overheated," said Keith Lerner at Truist Advisory Services.Such worries have been part of the reason behind the rally in gold to a record above $4,000 on Wednesday.Alexandra Symeonidi, corporate credit analyst at William Blair, wrote: "Given the strong rally in tech stocks some market participants started to question the sustainability of the price momentum and were driving parallels with recent bubbles."So, while the overall market has been healthy, investors have been adding hedges in what is broadly considered to be a safe haven asset." Still, Pepperstone's Michael Brown remained upbeat on equities and saw plenty of upside."My view remains that dips in the equity complex should still be viewed as buying opportunities, with the 'path of least resistance' continuing to lead higher amid resilient underlying economic growth, robust earnings growth, and a looser Fed policy backdrop," he wrote in a commentary.Gold has since fallen sharply, helped by profit-taking as well as a breakthrough in Gaza peace talks and a strengthening dollar.All three main indexes on Wall Street ended in the red, and Asia largely followed suit.Hong Kong, Tokyo and Shanghai were among the biggest losers, while there were also retreats in Sydney, Singapore, Wellington, Bangkok and Manila. London was down, though Paris rose with Frankfurt.Seoul, however, rallied more than 1% thanks to a surge of more than 6% in Samsung on optimism about its AI chips and memory business.Mumbai and Jakarta were also up.On currency markets, the yen rose against the dollar after the junior partner in Japan's ruling coalition said it was leaving the alliance with the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.The move comes days after the LDP elected stimulus-friendly Sanae Takaichi as its new leader, putting her on course to become prime minister.Komeito chief Tetsuo Saito reportedly told Takaichi that her answers on the LDP's recent slush fund scandal were unsatisfactory. The move will likely make it difficult for the LDP to pass key legislation, including spending.Tokyo's Nikkei 225 stock surged this week on Takaichi's election, which stoked hopes for more stimulus measures and a push for easier monetary policies from the Bank of Japan. Futures in the index tumbled on Friday.Adding to the unease across markets is the standoff in Washington that is expected to see a US government shutdown run into a third week, with both sides showing no sign of backing down.Republican Senate Majority Leader John Thune indicated a weekend session was unlikely, according to news website Semafor. The Senate was due to be in session on Friday, with an eighth vote on the House-passed bill tipped to fail.Donald Trump repeated threats to slash government programmes popular with Democrats as he berated the party over the shutdown at a cabinet meeting."The Democrat shutdown is causing pain and suffering for hardworking Americans, including our military, our air traffic controllers and impoverished mothers, people with young children, people that have to live not the greatest of lives," he said.Democrats are privately preparing a shutdown lasting several more weeks, CNN reported, if Republicans do not agree to their demands to extend health care subsidies due to expire on December 31.

When a quiet resurgence in Chinese equities developed into a world-beating rally, it took many seasoned market watchers by surprise.There’s little sign of a revival in spending by consumers and businesses that would dramatically inflate the earnings of Chinese companies. Instead, the boom appears to be driven by hedge funds and retail investors seeking higher returns in an environment of low interest rates. There’s also optimism that breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and a government drive to address industrial overcapacity are about to kick-start China’s economy.For now, official data isn’t pointing to an economic rebound, and there are already signs that share prices may be overheating, reviving memories of a stock market crash in 2015 that burned small investors. Financial authorities are under growing pressure to step in and calm the speculative fever.What’s happening in China’s stock market?The CSI 300 Index jumped 10% in August, its best performance since a rally last September. Red flags have emerged. Market turnover has hit a record. The outstanding amount of margin trades — where investors borrow money to buy local stocks in the onshore market — has also surged to an all-time high, signalling a growing appetite for risk-taking.In an effort to curb speculative fever, mutual funds have capped daily purchases of some of the year’s best performing equity portfolios, and commercial banks have tightened oversight of clients using credit cards to fund stock investments.What’s behind the sudden rally?The money is pouring in mostly from households, whose savings are collectively at a record high. With interest rates on savings drifting lower, some have been turning to equities for better returns. Wealthy investors have led the charge, often via hedge fund investments. But the volume of money heading into stocks is still relatively small compared with the trillions of yuan saved by Chinese consumers overall, and this is fuelling speculation that the market rally has further to run.Easing trade tensions with the US have helped to calm investor nerves. There are hopes that a government “anti-involution” campaign to combat price wars and fix overcapacity across various industries will break a deflationary cycle that’s undermined the confidence of consumers and businesses. And China’s breakthroughs in artificial intelligence have led to hopes that national industries are poised for a wave of technological progress that will accelerate economic growth and boost corporate earnings.Why are Chinese financial regulators concerned?The country’s financial authorities face a difficult balancing act in trying to engineer sustainable growth in the stock market without causing investors to panic. The Beijing government has made clear it would prefer a “slow bull market” that would allow for sustainable wealth creation and a durable boost in household consumption. The last thing the authorities want is a sharp reversal following a rapid rally, which would inflict heavy losses on retail investors. But as the rally continues, analysts are warning of a stock market bubble that could pop unless corporate earnings prospects improve or the government boosts its support for the economy.What might they do about it?China’s financial regulators are considering a number of measures to cool the market. These include a removal of some curbs on short selling and various measures to rein in speculative trading, according to people familiar with the matter.For now, regulators may have some breathing room before they need to intervene, as the involvement of retail investors in the stock market is still relatively limited by historic standards, suggesting the rally may not be as fragile as some market watchers suggest.What’s at stake if the market doesn’t stabilise?Much of China’s economy is still in the doldrums and suffering from a protracted real estate crisis. With the government trying to kick-start household spending to offset the negative impacts of a trade battle with the US the biggest destination for Chinese exports the last thing it needs is a stock market slump that would further dent consumer confidence. If the losses became too hard to bear, it could damage the social stability that’s the number-one priority for China’s leadership.