Beyond the TarmacThe eruption of the ‘Hayli Gubbi’ volcano in Ethiopia reported to be dormant for several thousand years began on November 23, sending an ash column thousands of feet into the atmosphere. The volcano, situated in Ethiopia’s Afar Region, erupted on for several hours,launching a huge ash column 10–15km into the sky and quickly darkening the horizon. The volcano, which rises about 500m in altitude, sits within the Rift Valley, a zone reportedly of intense geological activity, where two tectonic plates meet. Surprisingly, the plume of volcanic ash from Ethiopia has swept across the Red Sea through Oman, Yemen and blanketed parts of Pakistan and Northern India before reaching the Indian capital New Delhi, which is thousands of kilometres away!According to tracking website, Flightradar24, it is now moving towards China. Because volcanic ash at high altitude poses serious hazards to aircraft (engines, sensors, visibility), this triggered widespread aviation disruptions.Subsequently, several international and domestic flights were either cancelled, delayed or rerouted in India because of the ash, with the country's aviation regulator-Directorate General of Civil Aviation or DGCA asking airlines to "strictly avoid" affected areas.Even long-haul and international routes outside Ethiopia (eg Europe–India flights) experienced cancellations or rerouting.Flights from Newark to Delhi, New York to Delhi, Dubai to Hyderabad, Doha to Mumbai, Dubai to Chennai, Dammam to Mumbai, Doha to Delhi, Chennai to Mumbai, and Hyderabad to Delhi were among those cancelled.Airports along affected routes also had to prepare for potential runway or taxiway contamination, and in some cases suspend operations until safety could be assured.As ash disperses, airlines and aviation authorities will need continuous monitoring (satellite, Toulouse-based Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre - VAAC advisories, meteorological data), which adds complexity to flight scheduling.The volatile nature of ash dispersion is likely to lead to lingering uncertainty, even after the eruption subsides, reports suggest.Experts say volcanic ash is a cloud of tiny, abrasive particles released into the atmosphere during an eruption. It can damage aircraft engines, contaminate airfields and reduce visibility, making it hazardous to flight operations.Also, because ash melts at relatively low temperatures when passing through a jet engine’s combustion zone, it can form molten glass inside the engine, which then solidifies on turbine blades, blocking airflow, which risks a flameout or engine shutdown.Volcanic ash can clog pitot tubes, static ports, or other sensor openings. That potentially leads to erroneous airspeed/altitude/airsystem readings — dangerous for navigation and flight control.Ash abrasion may scratch or obscure cockpit windows; in heavy ash, visibility can drop significantly. This is risky especially for takeoff/landing or approach phases.If ash falls on runways, taxiways, aprons — even in small amounts — it reduces braking efficiency, contaminate ground equipment, and force airport closures until cleanup is done.Because of these risks, aviation safety protocols require that aircraft avoid flying through ash-affected airspace or altitudes when ash plumes are present; and after exposure, aircraft must undergo detailed inspections before resuming service.The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Programme said Hayli Gubbi has had no known eruptions during the Holocene, which began around 12,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age.Experts also point out volcanic ash clouds are rare. But when Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in 2010, it caused global travel chaos.UK and European airspace was shut or partially shut, leading to the worst air-travel disruption since World War Two.Industry analysts say this event — despite originating from a remote volcano in Ethiopia — has already shown how interconnected global air travel is- a single ash plume has disrupted flights across continents!The eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano is more than a local environmental event, they point out.Because of how high the ash plume rose and how far it drifted (across the Arabian Peninsula into South Asia), it created immediate, widespread disruption to international air travel — grounding flights, forcing reroutes, and prompting safety advisories.For the aviation industry, it is a stark reminder of volcanic risk, even from remote or geologically inactive areas, and how fragile some of the world’s air-traffic dependencies are!
