In Qatar, as in many Gulf countries, the Ramadan drummer (musahar in Arabic) was one of its most prominent figures.
This man – who began his work in the last third of the night, about two hours before dawn – was the link between the community’s customs and the rhythm of Ramadan.
The musahar is the person who roams the streets and alleys of Qatari neighbourhoods during Ramadan to wake those fasting for their pre-dawn meal (Suhoor) before the start of the fast.
He uses a drum or tambourine, beating it rhythmically, and chants short religious calls in a melodious voice to remind people of the time.
According to researchers of folklore, the most famous phrase the drummer would chant on his rounds was: “There is no God but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God...
There is no God but God, it’s time for suhoor, O servants of God.”
Each neighbourhood had its own Ramadan drummer, who would walk through the alleys, beating his drum and walking amid the houses.
Families relied on this voice to wake them for Suhoor (the pre-dawn meal), as modern communication methods such as electric alarm clocks were unavailable at the time.
Among the names of those famous for their role as musahar in Doha in the past were Salim Bu Haloum, Karam bin Awad, Saad bin Awad, Saad bin Nayem, Rashid al-Mas, and Idris Khairi; their legacy will keep on for generations.
With the development of Qatari society, improved living standards, and the introduction of modern communication technologies, the role of the musahar gradually diminished.
However, it remains present in some areas as a traditional practice intended to preserve Ramadan memories.
As researchers confirm, this seasonal profession reflects a social and spiritual way of life that was prevalent in Qatar, where the musahar was a social and spiritual figure.
His presence in the neighbourhood reminded people of the virtues of Suhoor, and he symbolised community co-operation and communication during a month that reinforced collective values and solidarity.