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Republic of Korea will launch a 5tn won ($3.52 bn) semiconductor fund targeting promising chip materials, parts, equipment and fabless companies, a presidential official said, as Seoul seeks to accelerate plans for new chip manufacturing hubs across the country. The government will also provide a further 5tn won in trade finance for suppliers, Presidential Chief of Staff Kang Hoon-sik told a press briefing after a meeting chaired by President Lee Jae Myung on Monday. The measures are part of Lee's semiconductor megaproject initiative unveiled in June, under which Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix, together with suppliers and local governments, are expected to invest more than $576bn in new chip manufacturing projects, including major fabrication facilities in the country's southwest region. "The government will create a new semiconductor fund worth about 5tn won focused on promising materials, parts and equipment firms and fabless companies," Kang said. The government would also launch a 10-year, 1tn won programme to support cooperation between large companies and smaller suppliers across semiconductor development, testing and production, Kang said. The government will also seek passage of a Mega Special Zone Act at parliament within the year to speed up permits, environmental reviews and infrastructure construction, he said. In his opening remarks before Monday's meeting, which was also attended by senior executives from Samsung Electronics and SK, Lee urged the Defence Ministry to relocate functions of a military air base in Gwangju by mid-2028 to accelerate development of a semiconductor manufacturing complex planned for the site. The government has designated the 8.3mn-square-metre area (9.9mn square yards) as a candidate for national industrial complex and plans to complete relocation and temporary dispersal of military facilities by the second half of 2028. Kang said the government would ensure power and water supplies are available on schedule for new semiconductor projects. For the planned chip cluster in the southwestern Gwangju-South Jeolla region, authorities plan to secure 650,000 metric tonnes of water daily by 2030 using recycled wastewater and supplies from nearby dams, he said. For the Yongin semiconductor cluster, Korea's flagship chip manufacturing project south of Seoul, Kang said the government plans to supply 14.7 gigawatts of electricity by 2041 using a combination of cogeneration facilities, LNG generation and power from other regions.Kang said megaprojects worth over 350tn won in other regions of the country are scheduled to begin construction or facility expansions this year, while a further 57tn won of research and development projects are also due to start. The Lee administration has made expanding semiconductor production capacity a central pillar of its industrial strategy, arguing that existing production bases around Yongin and Pyeongtaek will not be sufficient to meet demand driven by artificial intelligence.

Legal PerspectiveCommercial banks play a pivotal role in most trade finance transactions. Herein, the banks can take different roles, such as the issuing bank, the confirming bank, the nominating bank, the advising bank or otherwise depending on the intention and interest of the bank in serving their different clients.I believe that the role of each of the above-mentioned banks is important and highly needed for such transactions. However, the role of the confirming bank could be more important and very essential to complete the smooth process of trade finance transactions.Therefore, we need to know more about confirming banks. Under the UCP 600, a confirming bank is a bank that adds its confirmation to a letter of credit (LC) at the initial request or authorisation of the issuing bank, undertaking obligations similar to the issuing bank's own. In other plain words, it is a kind of a “confirmer” that agrees to perform the principal duties of the issuing bank.This banking activity adds an extra layer of security for the exporter (beneficiary), ensuring the payment even if the issuing bank defaults. Moreover, the key responsibilities of a confirming bank include examining documents for compliance and ensuring payment or negotiation if the presentation is complying.According to the UCP (Uniform Customs and practices for Documentary Credits) 600, explain the meaning of “Confirming Bank”. Sub-article 37 (c) of UCP 600 states: “A bank instructing another bank to perform services is liable for any commissions, fees, costs or expenses (‘charges’) incurred by the bank in connection with its instructions”.Based on this and according to sub-article 8 (b) of UCP 600, the obligation of a confirming bank begins only when it adds its confirmation to the credit: “A confirming bank is irrevocably bound to honour or negotiate as of the time it adds its confirmation to the credit”.In trade finance transactions, the issuing bank is in fact open to confirmation being added, but not mandating it. The confirming bank can add its confirmation, however, it still retains the right to decline the confirmation, as stated in sub-article 8 (d) of the UCP 600. As a rule, if a bank authorised or requested by the issuing bank to confirm a credit, is not prepared to do so, it must inform the issuing bank without delay and may advise the credit without confirmation. All this is optional for the confirming bank as they deem appropriate and acceptable for them.Many people ask if the issuing bank can also take the role of a confirming bank. Generally, the answer is yes. An issuing bank can also act as the confirming bank, although typically these are separate entities. Normally, the issuing bank issues the LC, while the confirming bank adds its own guarantee of payment, which provides greater security to the beneficiary. However, in situations where the issuing bank is also the one performing the confirmation, it's acting in both capacities within the same transaction.Even though, the role of the confirming bank is very clear, however, there are many cases in Courts between the issuing banks and the confirming banks and or clients. It is important to be more vigilant and careful in such transaction as they may cause unnecessary troubles and legal obligations.Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel. E-mail: [email protected]