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Four astronauts blasted off aboard a massive Nasa rocket on Wednesday on a long-anticipated journey around the Moon, the first crewed lunar flyby in more than 50 years.With a thunderous roar that reverberated far beyond the launchpad, the enormous orange-and-white rocket carried three Americans and one Canadian away from Florida's Kennedy Space Center at approximately 6:35pm (2235 GMT) local time.Nasa teams and spectators alike were ecstatic as the spacecraft ascended into a radiant sky atop a cascade of flames.The team, who donned bright orange suits with blue trim as the mission began, includes Americans Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch along with Canadian Jeremy Hansen."We have a beautiful moonrise. We're headed right at it," said Wiseman, the mission commander.US President Donald Trump praised "our brave astronauts," calling the successful launch "quite something" at the top of his televised address on the war against Iran.The astronauts are now in orbit around the Earth, where they will remain while performing various checks to ensure the reliability and safety of a spacecraft that has never carried humans before.They successfully completed "promixity operations" demonstrations, which tested how their Orion capsule can move relative to another spacecraft and included various manoeuvres that mimic what would be needed to dock with a lunar lander."Great flying with you, Houston. Nice vehicle," said pilot Glover.Early on teams identified a number of kinks to work out, including "a controller issue with the toilet when they spun it up," said Amit Kshatriya, NASA's associate administrator, during a post-launch briefing."We're just getting started," he added.Nasa head Jared Isaacman also noted a temporary communication problem with the spacecraft that had since been resolved.The astronauts were "safe, they're secure, and they're in great spirits," he said.Isaacman also emphasised the historic nature of Wednesday's launch: "NASA is back in the business of sending people to the Moon."If all goes well the Artemis 2 team is expected to head out on Thursday on its three-day journey towards the Moon, which it will then loop around to capture new images and make naked-eye observations.The voyage should last approximately 10 days in total, and aims to pave the way for a Moon landing in 2028.Scientist Sian Proctor ventured to Florida's Space Coast to witness the moment along with the approximately 400,000 people local authorities said had gathered to watch."I'm just so happy that we're going back to the Moon," Proctor said."Everybody should be excited and be following the next 10 days, because this is a big step for humanity."The mission marks a series of historic accomplishments: it will send the first person of colour, the first woman and the first non-American on a lunar mission.If the plan proceeds as expected, the astronauts will set a record by venturing farther from Earth than any human before.It is also the inaugural crewed flight of Nasa's new lunar rocket, dubbed the Space Launch System.SLS is designed to allow the United States to repeatedly return to the Moon, with the goal of establishing a permanent base that will offer a platform for further exploration.It was meant to take off as early as February after years of delays and massive cost overruns.But repeated setbacks stalled it and even necessitated rolling the rocket back to its hangar for investigation and repairs."NASA really needs this win right now," Casey Dreier, chief of space policy at The Planetary Society, told AFP, noting the US space agency's recent budget turmoil and a workforce exodus that have challenged morale.The current era of American lunar investment has frequently been portrayed as an effort to compete with China, which aims to land humans on the Moon by 2030.During the post-launch briefing, Isaacman said competition was "a great way to mobilise the resources of a nation.""Competition can be a good thing," he said. "And we certainly have competition now."The Artemis program has come under pressure from Trump, who has pushed its pace with the hope that boots will hit the lunar surface before his second term ends in early 2029.But the projected date of 2028 for a landing has raised eyebrows among experts, in part because Washington is relying on the private sector's technological headway.Earlier in the day Trump said on Truth Social that the US is "WINNING.""Economically, Militarily, and now, BEYOND THE STARS. Nobody comes close! America doesn't just compete, we DOMINATE, and the whole World is watching," he posted. 

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un oversaw the ground test of an upgraded rocket engine, state media reported Sunday, marking another key step in its weapons programme.Defence experts believe North Korea is planning to use its solid-fuel rocket engines for launching intercontinental ballistic missiles.The engines enable faster missile launches as they require little preparation before ignition.The latest test was "part of the national defence development plan in the period of the new five-year plan", Pyongyang's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) said, without elaborating on the date or location of the test.It was the first officially confirmed high-thrust solid-fuel engine test since September last year, when state media said an engine generated a maximum thrust of 1,971 kilonewtons.KCNA reported the recent test had achieved a higher thrust of 2,500 kilonewtons.The development demonstrates North Korea's "resolve to acquire missiles capable of hitting targets around the globe", Hong Min, an analyst at the Korea Institute for National Unification, told AFP."Given the increased maximum thrust, this indicates its intention to possess ICBMs with global strike range, as well as the ability to overwhelm missile defence systems," he added.Photos released by KCNA showed leader Kim Jong-un inspecting what appeared to be part of the engine, flanked by officials.Another image showed flames erupting from a ground-mounted engine, illuminating the surrounding test site in orange light.Kim said that North Korea's defence capabilities had entered "a significant phase of change" in building up its strategic forces.The North has already demonstrated it has mastered the engine technology needed to launch a missile capable of reaching the US mainland with a lower-thrust engine, said Lee Ho-ryung of the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses."They have already passed that mark," she said.The question is no longer whether a missile could reach the US, but whether it could carry multiple warheads, she said.A multi-warhead missile can strike multiple targets with a single launch while overwhelming defence systems through simultaneous, dispersed reentry vehicles."A multi-warhead missile needs higher thrust power because of its heavier weight," she said."In order for the North to show it can launch a multi-warhead ICBM, it needs a test launch to prove its mastery of such technology."Pyongyang last test-fired an ICBM in October 2024.Kim also visited a special forces training base, according to a separate KCNA report, inspecting drills in which photos showed soldiers wielding weapons, including an axe and a sledgehammer.The demonstration "showed the physical and technical ability they have prepared to be a match for a hundred combatants with iron fists", KCNA said. 

A Japanese startup's third attempt to put a satellite in orbit failed Thursday after its rocket spiralled back to Earth shortly after take-off.Space One, hoping to become the first private Japanese firm to put a satellite in space, said that what went wrong was "under investigation".TV footage showed the Kairos rocket blasting off from the launch site in the coastal Wakayama region of western Japan at 11:10am (0210 GMT) up into the blue sky.But shortly afterwards, the slim, white 18m (60-foot) rocket appeared to run out of power and head back downwards in a spin.It was unclear where it landed.Tokyo-based Space One told a press conference that "no major anomalies" had been identified within the aircraft itself and the rocket had not deviated from its flight path."So it seems reasonable to assume that some issue occurred within the flight interruption system," the firm said, referring to a safety mechanism capable of automatically ending the flight.The rocket was carrying several satellites including one for a high school in Tokyo, according to the firm.The company's first launch attempt ended in spectacular failure in March 2024 when the solid-fuel rocket exploded seconds after lift-off.A second try started off better only for the rocket to suddenly spiral downwards after engineers terminated the operation because of a technical problem.The latest launch had been slated to happen on Wednesday, only to be cancelled due to another glitch just 28.9 seconds before lift-off.Companies such as Space One want to offer cheaper and more frequent space exploration opportunities than governments.The startup is hoping to establish a satellite-launching service to tap into expanding global demand — emulating Elon Musk's SpaceX, which has contracts with Nasa and the Pentagon.Space One was founded in 2018 by businesses including Canon Electronics, IHI Aerospace, construction firm Shimizu and the government-run Development Bank of Japan.The national Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is also on a mission to become a major player for satellite launches.JAXA's next-generation H3 launch system had experienced multiple failed take-off attempts before a successful blast-off in February 2024.In December, however, Japan's flagship H3 rocket failed to launch a geolocation satellite into orbit due to engine failure.In 2024, JAXA landed an unmanned probe on the Moon — albeit at a crooked angle — making it just the fifth country to achieve a "soft landing".The Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM), dubbed the "Moon Sniper" for its landing precision, nonetheless intermittently sent back signals for many months.And last year Japan's ispace failed in its attempt to become only the third private firm — and the first outside the US — to achieve a controlled arrival on the Moon.Contact with the ispace's unmanned Resilience craft was lost as the probe made its final descent onto the lunar surface and was believed to have crash landed. 

India's space agency launched its heaviest ever payload on Wednesday, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi calling the deployment "a significant stride" for the space sector.The LVM3-M6 rocket launched the US-built AST SpaceMobile communications satellite into low-Earth orbit.The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said it was the "heaviest payload to be launched from Indian soil".The launch is a boost for India's ambitious low-cost space programme, with plans for an uncrewed orbital mission and human spaceflight in the coming years.The satellite, weighing 6,100 kilograms (13,448 pounds), was launched on a modified version of a rocket that India plans to use for its future space missions.India is vying for a larger slice of the booming commercial satellite business as phone, internet and other companies seek expanded and more high-end communications.Modi said the launch marked "a proud milestone in India's space journey"."It strengthens India's heavy-lift launch capability and reinforces our growing role in the global commercial launch market," he said in a statement.Earlier this year, ISRO launched the CMS-03 communication satellite, which weighs about 4,410 kilograms.For these heavy launches, India has deployed an upgraded version of the rocket it used to send an unmanned craft to the Moon in August 2023.The world's most populous nation has flexed its spacefaring ambitions in the last decade with its space programme growing considerably, and rivalling the achievements of established powers at a much cheaper price tag.It has said it plans to launch an uncrewed orbital mission before its first human spaceflight in 2027.Modi has also announced plans to send an astronaut to the Moon by 2040.

South Korea on Thursday confirmed the successful launch of its homegrown space rocket Nuri, which took off from Naro Space Center, with the main unit of the 13 satellites deployed establishing communication with King Sejong Station in Antarctica.The 200-ton Nuri blasted off from the center in the country's southern coastal village of Goheung, South Korean news agency (Yonhap) reported.According to Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA) and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), the main satellite, CAS500-3, made communication with South Korea's research center in Antarctica, allowing experts to check the unit's condition.About two minutes after liftoff, Nuri separated the first stage, followed by the second-stage four minutes and 30 seconds into the flight. After reaching the target altitude of 600 km, Nuri separated the main satellite, along with 12 cube satellites.The main satellite will be tasked with conducting space science research, including measurement of space magnetic fields and plasma along with observation of auroras.South Korea previously conducted three Nuri rocket launches in 2021, 2022, and 2023, achieving gradual advancements in its technical capabilities. The country plans a fifth launch in 2026 and a sixth in 2027 as part of its ongoing efforts to strengthen its presence in the space sector.

The American space-technology company SpaceX conducted a dual-launch operation this week, dispatching two batches of Starlink Internet-satellites aboard two Falcon 9 rockets in the same launch window.In a statement, the company said the first Falcon 9 took off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, carrying 29 satellites into low Earth orbit. The first-stage booster successfully landed on a SpaceX drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean about 8.5 minutes after liftoff.Within the same launch window, a second Falcon 9 launched a further batch of 29 satellites. Its first-stage booster also achieved a successful drone-ship landing, while the upper stage deployed the satellites on schedule.These missions advance the Starlink network, a vast satellite constellation aiming to provide global Internet coverage; currently, thousands of satellites are already in orbit. SpaceX said such launches help maintain the constellation's frequent and rapid replenishment.The company described the flights as part of a "record pace" of Falcon 9 launches this year as it scales up capacity and reduces turnaround time between missions.

South Korea has launched its fifth homegrown military reconnaissance satellite aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from a US space base in Florida, the country's Ministry of National Defense announced Sunday. The Falcon 9 lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station as scheduled and successfully placed the satellite into orbit about 14 minutes after liftoff, according to the ministry.According to Yonhap News Agency, the new satellite, equipped with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, is the fifth and final satellite under South Korea's plan to deploy five spy satellites by the end of this year. The constellation aims to enhance real-time monitoring of North Korea and reduce Seoul's reliance on US satellite imagery.Operating a cluster of five reconnaissance satellites will enable the rapid and precise detection of potential North Korean military activities, the ministry said, noting that the system will reinforce South Korea's three-axis deterrence structure — which includes preemptive strike, missile defense, and retaliatory capabilities.Once all five satellites are operational, South Korea is expected to achieve round-the-clock surveillance, with the ability to observe North Korea roughly every two hours.South Korea launched its first military spy satellite in December 2023, equipped with electro-optical and infrared sensors capable of capturing high-resolution imagery. It has since launched three more SAR-equipped satellites capable of collecting data in all weather conditions and at any time of day.

China launched on Sunday the Lijian-1 Y8 carrier rocket with three satellites onboard. China's news agency (Xinhua) said that the rocket blasted off at 11:33 (Beijing Time) from a commercial aerospace innovation pilot zone in northwest China and successfully sent the satellites into the planned orbit. The three satellites are the Pakistan remote-sensing satellite (PRSS-2), AIRSAT 03 and 04 satellites, Xinhua added.