Most people receive their insurance coverage from group policies that are provided by employers or other organizations. Participation in group policies tends to enable people to significantly reduce the premiums they must pay for health insurance.However, these policies frequently result in an insurance crisis for the insured when his employment or other type of group membership ends. He may then be required to pay significantly higher costs for a new insurance policy or, in many cases, may find that a new insurer will not cover extended illnesses that arose while he was covered by the group policy.There are legislations creating portable health insurance. They generally try to guarantee some level of health insurance coverage to people who change or lose their jobs. They do this by limiting the waiting periods before new coverage takes effect or by requiring insurance companies to provide coverage to people who have left a job.Businesses who provide group health insurance plans must offer self-paid, continued group coverage to some employees for some months after the termination of employment.Health insurance policies generally require the insured to pay up to a certain amount each year before the insurer’s payment obligation begins. The specific amount, which varies from policy to policy, is known as the deductible. After the insured has paid the deductible amount, the insurer must pay all of the remaining medical expenses incurred during that year.Some policies establish a payment obligation that is a percentage of the medical expenses. While this amount may vary, health insurance contracts often require the insurer to pay certain percent of the expenses. For ling-term hospitalization or extended illnesses, the policies also may obligate the insurer to pay a designated percentage of expenses up to a certain amount. The insurer then pays all expenses that exceed that amount.More and more insurers place a cap on the amount they will pay for certain medical treatments or procedures. These companies will not pay amounts in excess of that amount. Many insurers will not pay for experimental medical treatments.Health insurers may make their payments in either of two ways. They may pay the insured if he already has paid the health care provider. In other instances, the health care provider bills the insurer directly and seeks payment from the insured for amounts not covered by the insurer.The insurance relationship is basically contractual in nature. As a result, insurance policies must satisfy all of the elements required for a binding contract.The standard practice in insurance is to have the potential insured make an offer to enter an insurance contract by completing an application provided by the insurer’s agent and submitting it and the premium to the insurer. The insurer may then either accept or reject this offer.What constitutes acceptance depends on the kind of insurance requested and the language of the application. It is very important to know the precise time when an acceptance occurs. Any losses suffered prior to this point must be borne by the insured.Applications for life insurance often provide that acceptance does not occur until the insurer delivers the policy to the insured. If the application calls for the policy to be delivered to an agent of the insured, delivery to the agent constitutes acceptance, unless the agent has discretionary power not to deliver the policy.In property insurance contracts, the application may be worded so that insurance coverage begins when the insured signs the application. This can provide temporary coverage until the insurer either accepts or rejects the policy. The same result may also be achieved by the use of a binder, an agreement for temporary insurance pending the insurer’s decision to accept or reject the risk. Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel.