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Saturday, April 04, 2026 | Daily Newspaper published by GPPC Doha, Qatar.

Tag Results for "economies" (14 articles)

Indian rupee and US dollar currency notes are held by a foreign exchange employee at an office in New Delhi. Asian currencies — some already struggling — have come under heavy selling, putting them among the largest losers globally.
Business

Iran war forces Asian economies to confront sliding currencies and surging oil

Policymakers in the Asia-Pacific region are facing their toughest test since the Covid-19 pandemic, with few easy options, as they race to cushion their economies from an energy shock that is ‌hitting harder and sooner than elsewhere.Asia buys about 80% of the oil that is shipped through the Strait of Hormuz and, ​according to JP Morgan commodity analysts, it faces ‌shortages that will worsen through April and May — meaning authorities will need to respond swiftly.In Manila, drivers of jeepneys — ‌colourful, souped-up minibuses — are already ⁠facing diesel prices that have tripled. A ‌jet-fuel squeeze looms in Vietnam and South Korea's major cosmetics ‌firms are searching far and wide for plastic resin to make the pots that hold their famous skincare products.Like in the rest of ⁠the world, the effect of the US-Israeli war on Iran in Asia is the prospect of rising inflation and damaged growth.Asian currencies — some already struggling — have come under heavy selling, putting them among the largest losers globally. This has brought back memories of the Asian financial crisis and leaves policymakers with some unpleasant choices: Raising rates, spending reserves, or seeing their currencies sink further.India's rupee, Indonesia's rupiah and the Philippine peso have been pulled to record lows against the dollar this month, along with major troughs for the yen and South Korean won."The key problem is Asian currencies were too weak before," said Alicia Garcia Herrero, Asia-Pacific chief economist for Natixis in Hong Kong."The central banks... ​have no instrument," she said. "Economies are going to plummet and... they cannot cut anymore, not only because of the inflationary pressure, but because they had already cut too many times."The dollar, one of the few havens in March, has made some of its sharpest gains in Asia — and to historic levels — rising more ‌than 4% against the won, peso and Thai ⁠baht against a gain of around ​1.5% on the euro.There is no simple solution — not least because options short of importing more ​oil don't actually fix the squeeze, which is already spilling into prices for plastics and fertilisers.Responding with higher rates risks slowing an economy when it most needs support. Subsidising fuel is expensive and in emerging markets or countries with budget pressures, such moves could be received badly by bond investors. Direct currency intervention can also be costly and risky in fickle foreign exchange markets."I think the crux of the matter is that there are no easy policy options at this stage," said Sonal Varma, Nomura's chief economist for Asia outside Japan. "Whether it's the role of currency, monetary policy (or) fiscal policy," Varma said. "There will be some macro variables that will take an impact.""Each country will essentially need to choose what is the right trade-off that is palatable in their local circumstances."So far, Australia has raised interest rates since the war began in late February, with authorities elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific region relying on guidance, currency intervention and unorthodox tools to try to ‌cushion soaring petrol prices and steady financial markets.South Korea ‌has turned to its massive national pension fund — the ⁠world's third largest — to raise its hedging ratio and protect the won, Reuters reported last week. India and Indonesia have been defending their currencies ⁠and making changes to how their markets function, with India capping ⁠banks' currency positions and Indonesia opening a repo market for short-term dollars.Japan has renewed its intervention threats, with the yen not far from nearly four-decade lows, while the Philippines has declared a state of emergency, let its currency slump to a record low by stepping back from intervention and held a surprise policy meeting last week to warn it was ready to act."I don't think there is a clear blueprint on how to respond to a crisis like this," said Fred Neumann, chief Asia economist at HSBC in Hong Kong."I think there is a recognition in Asia that you ​can't really change fundamentally the course of exchange rates. All you can do is lean a little bit against the wind."To be sure, most of Asia has healthy foreign-exchange reserves and there are no parallels for the pegged currencies and dollar debts that sent capital rushing for the exits nearly thirty years ago.India had roughly $698bn in reserves as of March 20, according to the latest available data, which would cover more than 11 months of imports, while Indonesia and the Philippines each have more than six months of import cover in foreign currencies.But with direct intervention in the currency markets likely to be futile in the face of strong dollar buying due to haven demand, central bankers will need to be creative in their efforts, analysts say."Nimbleness is something that is needed from policymakers... Having unscheduled meetings, having more frequent communication with the market ‌is probably helpful," HSBC's Neumann said. "You don't ​want to be overly dogmatic in an environment like this. You need to be clear. You need to be honest in your assessment." 

Singapore's minister of foreign affairs Vivian Balakrishnan.
Business

Asia economies face crisis from Mideast disruption

The war against Iran threatens to send Asian economies into crisis, Singapore’s foreign minister said on Monday, a stark warning in a region that ‌is acutely exposed to the massive disruption of Middle East energy supplies."Right now the closure of the ​Strait of Hormuz is, in a sense, ‌an Asian crisis," Vivian Balakrishnan told Reuters.In remarks made over an hour-long interview, he ‌also raised questions about the ⁠necessity and legality of the ‌US-Israeli war on Iran that is now entering its ‌fourth week, saying the "entire global economy has been taken hostage" by a conflict that could usher in a financial ⁠crisis.The war has shut down the Strait of Hormuz through which 20% of the world's oil and liquefied natural gas flow, pushing up oil prices and raising fears of a renewed spike in global inflation, with no clear end in sight.While the United States has become a net oil exporter, industry-heavy economies in Asia are far more reliant on crude oil from the Middle East, Balakrishnan said.Asia, the top oil importing region, sources nearly 60% of its crude and petrochemical naphtha feedstock from the Middle East. That exposure has led countries ​including China to halt refined fuel exports, while numerous petrochemicals plants and refineries in the region have scaled back operations or declared force majeure.Reuters reporting shows around 80% of oil shipped through the Strait of Hormuz heads to Asian buyers."The vulnerability has been known, ‌but it's never been tested to the extreme ⁠that it is being ​tested today," Balakrishnan said. He warned that much would be determined by whether US President Donald Trump followed ​through on his warning to destroy Iranian power plants if the Strait of Hormuz was not open to all shipping. In turn, Iran said it could attack Israel's power plants and plants supplying US bases in the Gulf. "If indeed you get tit-for-tat destruction of energy infrastructure, then you're dealing not only with an immediate blockage of the straits, but scarring of energy infrastructure from the Middle East which means a prolonged period in which energy exports will be diminished," Balakrishnan said, cautioning that would mean higher oil and gas prices, as well as greater inflation across the board.Balakrishnan said it is too early to tell if the situation will deteriorate to the levels of the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, which sent many countries in the region ‌into recession and spread to the global economy. ‌But Singapore is dusting off contingency plans to not ⁠only weather the storm but look for opportunities as well, he said. Planning scenarios are framed around the next 18 ⁠hours, three months, and then the next three years ⁠but Singapore aims to play to its strengths by relying on fiscal conservatism, international cooperation, and adapting to changes in global supply chains, he said."In the state of the world now, some stability, some predictability, some safety, will be a welcome bright spot in an otherwise difficult, volatile world," Balakrishnan said.Countries in Asia need to accelerate the push for renewable energy, boost power grids, update digital infrastructure, and retrain the labour force, while also keeping government coffers balanced and preventing runs on their economies ​or currencies, he said.Balakrishnan said he was disappointed that talks broke down between the United States and Iran."I will confess that I was surprised with the onset of hostilities. I didn't think it was necessary. I don't think it's helpful, and even now, there are even doubts expressed about the legality of the situation."Singapore is a longtime US investment and security partner, including extensive military training, logistics support, and intelligence sharing.It also trades heavily with China, and Balakrishnan said it is not in Singapore's interest to be forced to choose sides."From time to time, Singapore will have to say no to the United States or to China, but it must be very clear when ‌we say no, it's not done ​at the behest of the other but done after careful computation of our own long-term national interest," he said. 

People wait in a queue to refuel their vehicles near a fuel station in Dhaka, Bangladesh on Sunday. Asia’s energy-importing economies are scrambling to contain the impact of a widening Middle East war that has upended oil and gas markets and is now battering ordinary buyers, from farmers to car manufacturers and crematorium operators.
Business

Asia races to contain energy crunch as oil drives past $100

Asia’s energy-importing economies are scrambling to contain the impact of a widening Middle East war that has upended oil and gas markets and is now battering ordinary buyers, from farmers to car manufacturers and crematorium operators.During an emergency meeting on Monday, South Korea’s President Lee Jae Myung became the latest to call for a swift cap on fuel prices — a step the government could take this week. Taiwan, which also depends almost entirely on energy imports, has already set a weekly limit on oil-price increases, while Japan’s prime minister has said the country is examining measures to ensure gasoline prices do not exceed acceptable levels.“Governments can use subsidies in the short term to protect end-users,” said Masanori Odaka, an analyst at Rystad Energy. “But this comes at a cost, because you’re borrowing from the future to keep the near-term price suppressed.”Since US and Israeli strikes on Iran began 11 days ago, upheaval has spread across the Arabian Gulf and beyond, shuttering production at major suppliers and export facilities, and effectively halting transit through the Strait of Hormuz, a key maritime chokepoint.As the region most dependent on those oil, gas and fuel flows, Asia has been on edge after a weekend of bad news led to a spike in prices, pushing oil close to $120 a barrel in early trade. For many in an energy-hungry region, a crisis thousands of miles away already feels far too real.From Bangladesh to Thailand and Singapore, drivers rushed to fill tanks, fearing disruption and higher costs ahead, despite reassuring official comments on supply and efforts to stop price gouging. In Vietnam, diesel alone has surged almost 57% since late February, and dozens of petrol stations have shortened operating hours or temporarily halted sales to cope with the rush, according to local reports.In Australia, the government has sought to reassure buyers including farmers, who are eyeing availability of diesel and other fuels, with their crucial winter crop potentially less than a month away. Energy Minister Chris Bowen said there was no supply problem, but “a huge spike in demand.”South Asia’s price-sensitive buyers are among the worst hit. At least one province in Pakistan has curbed civil servants’ travel and the government has directed officials to draw up an austerity and savings plan within 48 hours. India has benefited from a US waiver providing access to Russian crude — but has struggled to alleviate pressure in liquefied petroleum gas, used for cooking, and liquefied natural gas, used from power production to manufacturing.“People don’t panic because crude is $120, they panic when the kitchen bill jumps,” said Chanchal Agarwal, an independent investment advisor based in Mumbai. “The Indian government has historically used subsidies to cushion the impact of rising LPG prices. However, the extent to which it can continue to do so without significant fiscal strain is a critical question.”Industrial gas users are already seeing the impact of shortfalls.In the western Indian state of Gujarat, curtailed supplies from the local gas distributor have hit auto and other manufacturers operating in a pipeline-connected industrial hotspot where few hold extensive reserves. Top producer Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, which makes one in every two cars sold in the country, has been quizzing suppliers in Gujarat and near Delhi over backup plans, including a potential partial return to furnace oil, according to people with knowledge of the situation. They asked not to be named as the conversations are not public.Maruti’s “supplier partners are free to choose their energy sources depending upon their specific context,” a company spokesperson said in an emailed response.Heavyweight Tata Motors, meanwhile, is being forced to consider introducing substitutes like propane and LPG for its paint-shop ovens in the area, according to people involved in operation, a move likely to drive up costs. India imports more than 90% of its LPG supply from the Middle East.Further south, the city of Pune has curtailed cremations that rely on LPG. Wood remains the most commonly used fuel for the Hindu cremation rituals, but gas, as a cleaner option, has been on the rise.“LPG cremation facilities will stop from today, because we had stock to last until yesterday,” said Manisha Shekatkar, a chief engineer at Pune Municipal Corp. “The facilities will remain stopped until further notice from the central government.”The historic energy crunch has left some countries, including South Korea, to consider the option of drawing on petroleum reserves. Japanese refiners have also asked for just such a measure, and Group of Seven finance ministers will discuss a coordinated joint release later on Monday. Such coordinated drawdowns are rare, though there were two in the immediate aftermath of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.Thailand and Vietnam, meanwhile, are seeking oil and gas supplies from regional neighbors, including Malaysia and Brunei, according to people with knowledge of the discussions. Vietnam has also sought to ease restrictions in order to allow state-owned buyers to procure more fuel. 

China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi, who is also a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, attends a press conference in Beijing Sunday. ((AFP)
International

China FM urges US to manage differences in face of trade woes

China's top diplomat urged the United States Sunday to iron out its differences with Beijing, as the world's two largest economies lock horns over trade tariffs and geopolitical issues.Ties between China and the United States have been strained since US President Donald Trump returned to the White House last year, followed by a trade war that saw the two countries impose tariffs on each other's products.While the US-China trade war has uprooted the global economy, Beijing has sought to profit off Trump's mercurial policies by positioning itself as a reliable alternative partner."We observe a certain country erecting tariff barriers and pursuing decoupling and supply chain disruption," Wang told a press conference Sunday."These actions are akin to trying to extinguish a fire with fuel. Ultimately, they will backfire."He was speaking during China's annual political gathering, which began this week, known as the "Two Sessions".The parallel meetings of China's parliament and political consultative body are closely watched for clues as to the priorities of China's leaders in the face of a precarious geopolitical landscape.Wang addressed a range of issues, including the US-China relationship, tensions in the South China Sea, as well as wars in the Middle East and Ukraine."This year is indeed a big year for Sino-US relations," Wang told reporters.While China and the United States "cannot change each other", he said, adding "we can change the way we interact with each other".Wang urged both sides to "manage existing differences and eliminate unnecessary interference".But a wide range of disagreements remain.Beijing has blasted US and Israeli military strikes on Iran, which sparked the war in the Middle East.China has diplomatic and trade ties with Tehran, and has condemned the killing of Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.Wang said Sunday the war "should never have happened"."A strong fist does not mean strong reason. The world cannot return to the law of the jungle," he told reporters.At the same time, he maintained that China's relations with Moscow, which have been criticised by Western countries for sustaining the war in Ukraine, remained "steadfast and unshakeable".Beijing has sought to position itself as a neutral player in the Ukraine war, but Western leaders say China is supporting Moscow through imports and by helping the Kremlin to avoid sanctions.Leaders from France, Canada, Finland and the United Kingdom, among others, have flocked to Beijing, recoiling from Trump's bid to seize Greenland and tariff threats against fellow Nato members.Wang welcomed the visits, saying "more and more insightful Europeans agree that China is not a competitor, but a global partner".Relations between China and the European Union had seen "a steady improvement" in the last year, he told reporters.In the spirit of warming relations, China has doled out visa-free travel agreements to around 50 countries and reduced tariffs on exports from Canada and the United Kingdom, among others.The issue of self-ruled Taiwan, however, remains a red line which threatens to worsen China's relationship with the United States.Beijing views democratic Taiwan as part of its territory and has not ruled out taking it by force.Trump has floated the idea of sending more US weapons to Taiwan despite warnings from China's leader Xi Jinping.The two leaders are due to meet in Beijing in April.Wang reiterated Sunday that Beijing "will never allow anyone or any force to separate Taiwan... from China once again".The issue has also caused a rift between China and Japan after Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi suggested in November that Tokyo could intervene militarily in any attack on the island. 

Gulf Times
Business

Minister of finance meets ministers on sidelines of AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies

His Excellency the Minister of Finance Ali bin Ahmed al-Kuwari met separately with minister of finance of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Abdullah al-Jadaan; minister of economy and finance of the government of Ecuador Sariha Belén Angulo; and minister of economic affairs and finance of Iran Seyed Ali Madani Zadeh, on the sidelines of his participation in the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies held in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.**media[414830]**During the meetings, they reviewed the co-operation relations between Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, and Iran, and explored opportunities for strengthening collaboration in the fields of investment, finance, and economics, in addition to discussing several topics of mutual interest. 

His Excellency the Minister of Finance Ali bin Ahmed al-Kuwari took part in a high-level session titled "A Path for Emerging Markets' Resilience and Economic Transformation" at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, in Saudi Arabia on Monday.
Business

Al-Kuwari participates in high-level session at AlUla conference for emerging market economies

His Excellency the Minister of Finance Ali bin Ahmed al-Kuwari took part in a high-level session titled "A Path for Emerging Markets' Resilience and Economic Transformation" at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, in Saudi Arabia on Monday.The session highlighted the importance of enhancing the resilience of emerging market economies and their ability to navigate economic challenges. It also explored ways to achieve sustainable economic transformation through effective fiscal and investment policies.Participants emphasised the role of international co-operation in supporting financial and economic stability, and in promoting an attractive investment environment that contributes to sustainable development and inclusive growth. 

Tractor trailers carrying shipping containers at the Port of Los Angeles. US container imports ended 2025 in a four-month skid that’s likely to lengthen this year as trade shifts to other economies to avoid President Donald Trump’s tariffs, according to a shipping industry analyst’s tally of the country’s top 10 ports.
Business

US container growth vanishes with world trade flows ‘moving on’

US container imports ended 2025 in a four-month skid that’s likely to lengthen this year as trade shifts to other economies to avoid President Donald Trump’s tariffs, according to a shipping industry analyst’s tally of the country’s top 10 ports.Inbound volumes in December dropped 6.4% from a year earlier to 1.9mn 20-foot container units, after a 5.7% slide the previous month, according to John McCown, who publishes a monthly report that captures flows through America’s biggest gateways for seaborne cargo.“The downward turn in 2025 was due solely to tariffs,” McCown wrote. “Unfortunately there is nothing at present that suggests it will be short-lived.”Trump has used import taxes — actual or threatened — as leverage against trading partners, hoping to reduce the US trade deficit and increase domestic production. In response, major economies such as China and the European Union are seeking ways to reduce their reliance on the American market, and signing trade deals with other countries or blocs.The result is an upheaval in international commerce that ING Groep NV economists this week called “a global recalibration and the start of a new era.” The US, previously a leader in growth rates for container shipping, is now lagging much of the world.Port operations from Los Angeles to Houston and New York turned in solid full-year numbers for total volumes handled, but each facility tracked by McCown posted year-over-year declines in imports in December.That’s partly because companies stockpiled foreign-made parts and merchandise in the first half of 2025 to get ahead of Trump’s levies — many of them imposed in August — and then relied on those inventories in the second half, whipsawing demand for container shipping.Import volumes through the Port of Los Angeles, the country’s busiest for maritime cargo, increased 3.3% during the first half of 2025 from a year earlier and dropped 4.2% in the second. Through the first four weeks of 2026, they’re down 2.2%, the Port of LA and Wabtec Corp.’s preliminary data showed.Watching container traffic offers insights into the economy because ships move 79% of the US’s international freight tonnage, rail and pipelines account for about 14%, and trucks and planes 7%, according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics.As demand for ocean cargo softens, spot container rates that fell through January may keep going down, according to Peter Sand, chief analyst with Xeneta, a digital freight platform in Oslo.“The market is set to turn further in the favour of shippers rather than carriers with further softening freight rates,” he wrote in a note this week.Add Trump’s trade policy uncertainty to the supply-demand mix and the volatility that marked 2025 “is here to stay,” ING economists Julian Geib and Rico Luman wrote in a research report on Friday, noting that Trump continues to make tariff threats.They predict global trade growth this year of just 0.5% to 1%, compared with 4.2% in 2025.That tepid outlook aligns with the World Trade Organisation’s forecast published in October, though its leader recently said there’s a potential upside tied to surging demand for equipment needed to power artificial intelligence.“There’s been tremendous disruption — the biggest we’ve seen in 80 years,” Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the WTO’s director-general, said in a Bloomberg TV interview last week in Davos, Switzerland.Still, she said “businesses are adapting” and “what we see is increasing diversification of trade and people trying to route their supply chains in ways where they can deal with uncertainty.”McCown’s analysis includes a parallel look at global container data that illustrate how inbound volumes through North America — with the US accounting for about five-sixths of that total — have gone from a world leader to a laggard in growth rates.North American imports fell 3.9% in November from a year earlier, while global volume grew 7.2%. 

The IMF logo at its headquarters in Washington, DC. The IMF in its ‌World Economic Outlook update forecast global GDP growth ‍at 3.3% in 2026, up 0.2 percentage point from its last estimate in October.
Business

IMF sees steady global growth in 2026 as AI boom offsets trade headwinds

The International Monetary Fund again edged its 2026 global growth forecast higher on Sunday as businesses and economies adapt to US tariffs that have eased in recent months and ‌a continued AI investment boom that has fuelled asset wealth and expectations of productivity gains. The IMF in its ‌World Economic Outlook update forecast global GDP growth ‍at 3.3% in 2026, up 0.2 percentage point from its last estimate in October. That's even with 3.3% growth in 2025, which will also beat the October estimate ⁠by 0.1 percentage point, the IMF said. The global crisis lender ⁠forecast 2027 growth at 3.2%, unchanged from the previous forecast. It has revised global growth rates higher since last July in response to ‍trade deals that have reduced President Donald Trump's tariff rates that peaked in April 2025. "We find that global growth remains quite resilient," IMF chief economist Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas told reporters, adding that the Fund's 2025 and 2026 growth forecasts now exceed predictions made in October 2024, before Trump was elected to a second term. "So, in a sense, the global economy is shaking off the trade and tariff disruptions of 2025 and is coming out ahead of what we were expecting before it all started," Gourinchas said. He said businesses have been able to adapt to higher US tariff rates by rerouting supply chains, while trade agreements have lowered some duties and ‌China has shifted exports to non-U.S. markets. The latest IMF forecasts assume an effective US tariff rate of 18.5% down from about 25% in the Fund's April 2025 forecast. The IMF estimated US growth for 2026 at 2.4%, up 0.3 percentage point from October, due in part to a big ‍push from massive investment in artificial intelligence infrastructure including data ⁠centres, powerful AI chips ‌and power. The IMF edged its 2027 growth forecast a tenth of a point lower to 2.0%. The IMF also said technology investment was boosting activity in Spain, which saw 0.3 percentage point upgrade to its 2026 GDP forecast to 2.3%, and in Britain, where the IMF kept its forecast unchanged at 1.3% for 2026. Gourinchas said the AI boom poses risks for heightened inflation if it continues at its breakneck pace. But he added that if expectations that AI-driven productivity gains and profits are not realised, this could spark a correction in high market valuations that could crimp demand. The IMF report lists AI as among risks that are tilted to the downside, along with disruptions to supply chains and markets from geopolitical tensions as well as new flare-ups in trade tensions. A Supreme Court decision against Trump's broad tariffs under an emergency sanctions law, expected in coming days or weeks, "would inject another dose of trade policy uncertainty into the global economy" if Trump resurrects new tariffs under other trade laws, ​Gourinchas said. But the IMF said that AI represents ‌significant upside for the global economy if the investment surge leads to rapid adoption and productivity gains are realised and boost business dynamism and innovation. "As a result, global growth may be lifted ⁠by as much as 0.3 percentage points in 2026 and ‍between 0.1 and 0.8 percentage points per year in the medium-term, depending on the speed of adoption and improvements in AI readiness globally." Among forecasts for other major economies, the IMF said China's 2026 growth would reach 4.5%, down from a stronger-than-expected 5.0% performance in 2025, but 0.3 percentage point higher than October estimates. The upgrade reflects a 10 percentage-point reduction in US tariff rates on Chinese goods for a year as well as continued diversion of exports to other markets such as Southeast Asia and Europe. Gourinchas said that China risks running into more protectionist ​trade policies unless it develops a more balanced growth model that relies less on exports and more on internal demand. The IMF forecast eurozone growth at 1.3% for 2026, up 0.1 percentage point from the October estimate, driven by increased public spending in Germany and stronger performances in Spain and Ireland. The Fund kept its 2027 eurozone growth forecast unchanged at 1.4%, noting that planned European increases in defence spending would materialise only in later years. Japan also saw a slight upgrade to 2026 growth due to its new government's fiscal stimulus package, but Brazil was a notable outlier to the improvement trend, with a 0.3 percentage point reduction in its 2026 growth rate to 1.6% since October. IMF officials attributed the downgrade largely to tighter monetary policy needed to fight a flare-up in inflation last year. The IMF ⁠said that globally, inflation was forecast to continue to decline, from 4.1% in 2025 to 3.8% in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027. Gourinchas said this leaves room for more accommodative monetary policy that will help underpin growth. 

Gulf Times
Business

Resilience amid the downsides

When the oil price crashed in the mid-1990s, reaching lows of below $20 per barrel after it had peaked during the Iraq-Kuwait conflict, it was a huge challenge for exporting nations. It exposed economies that were heavily reliant on an unpredictable, fluctuating global price for a single commodity. Since then, policy-makers in the Gulf have learned valuable lessons about how to dampen the boom-and-bust cycle and rebalance their economies.Three decades on, a report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), struggles to find fault with the progress made. Its latest report on the six nations of the Gulf Co-operation Council (December 2025) commends policy in all areas of economic policy: monetary, fiscal and trade and business-related matters.There are several policy areas that mitigate dependence on global commodity prices:Long-term, global investments through a sovereign wealth fund,Counter-cyclical fiscal policy, making investment decisions based on potential for economic development rather than trophy assets,Encouragement of diversification through nurturing universities, research centres and entrepreneurial growth, including in hi-tech, supporting digitalisation and AI,Reducing bureaucracy and encouraging trade. The GCC has committed to these disciplines. The report’s title refers to ‘enhancing’ resilience to global shocks – many of the key reforms are in place, and in some cases have been established for many years.The region has been less affected by tariffs and trade disputes than some other parts of the world. Energy is exempt from the tariffs, and the Gulf economies do not have huge exposure to the US consumer market. The IMF notes that growth prospects for the global economy are subdued, including for the oil and gas sector. But low-to-moderate growth with moderate oil prices and low inflation is a healthy place for Gulf economies to be, given their strengths, including low debt and fiscal surpluses or low deficits, with the exception of Bahrain. Five GCC nations are in the top 30 most competitive nations, with the UAE in fifth place and Qatar in ninth.It is still the case that oil and gas exports remain the primary export earner in the region. The oil price has remained remarkably stable for the past year, typically around the $60-70 mark, despite significant price rises in commodities such as precious metals. It is likely to remain reasonably stable, as the forces that could send it sharply upwards or down are in balance. There has been something of a glut in supply, while economic growth has slowed and there is tension between the US and Venezuela, an oil producer.Diversification initiatives have been helped by governments in the region prioritising digitalisation and use of artificial intelligence (AI). The IMF reports that the GCC ‘is close to or on par with advanced economies as indicated by the Enhanced Digital Access Index (EDAI)’, scoring well on digital infrastructure and affordability.The report notes the overseas assets held by Gulf nations, although these do vary. Gross international investment assets range from 90% of GDP in Bahrain to 760% of GDP in Kuwait as of 2023.Two features that are somewhat more negative, highlighted in the report, are linked: The extent to which the public sector continues to be the dominant provider of employment, and to be the main source of investment. The IMF would like to see more private sector-led development. Growth figures for the non-hydrocarbon sector have been healthy, and more growth is projected, ranging from 2.5-4.5%, helped by the region hosting major international events especially sporting events. The share of exports that non-hydrocarbons account for varies considerably: From just 5-7% of GDP in Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, to as high as 60% in the United Arab Emirates, reflecting the development of trading and manufacturing hubs especially in Dubai.The level of public sector employment in the region, while higher than ideal for a balanced economy, does mean that oil wealth is to some extent spread throughout the economy, and not confined to the elite. This supports domestic demand. But the IMF would like to see the wage gap between the public and private sectors reduced.For many years the Gulf nations have been welcoming to immigrants, and have a well-developed work visa system. This has helped economic development in a region with high per-capita income but a small indigenous population. The region is well positioned to attract talent from all parts of the world, especially as the US and Europe have become less welcoming to immigrants.The Fund also recommends further development in local financial markets. There is scope to expand the depth of credit and bond markets. Nations that have a higher proportion of local currency debt, and diverse investor bases, have more stable bond yields and market liquidity during periods of stress.Regional trade could be boosted, for example by reducing non-tariff barriers such as content requirements, and bottlenecks in logistics and trade financing. There is scope for increased trade both within the Gulf Co-operation Council members, and with neighbouring regions, such as Africa and south Asia.Monetary policy, by following the US and pegging currencies to the dollar, has been slightly restrictive, with interest rates above the estimated neutral level, which helps keep inflation low.Overall, while the overall economic outlook for the world is still ‘tilted to the downside’, the report says, the Gulf nations are well-positioned.The author is a Qatari banker, with many years of experience in the banking sector in senior positions. 

An employee works next to a reel of copper flat wire on the production line at the Wellascent factory in Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, China. Asia's ‌factory powerhouses closed 2025 on a firmer footing, with activity swinging ‌back to growth in several key ‍economies as export orders picked up, helped by new product launches and blistering demand for artificial intelligence.
International

Asia's factories end 2025 on firmer footing as orders pick up

Asia's factory activity rebounds with growth in key economies; Taiwan and South Korea PMIs show expansion after months of decline; new product launches and demand boost semiconductor manufacturers Asia's ‌factory powerhouses closed 2025 on a firmer footing, with activity swinging ‌back to growth in several key ‍economies as export orders picked up, helped by new product launches and blistering demand for artificial intelligence. Purchasing ⁠managers' indexes (PMIs) released by S&P Global on ⁠Friday showed factory activity in the major tech-exporting economies of South Korea and Taiwan ‍snapping months of declines in December, while most Southeast Asian nations maintained brisk growth.They followed PMIs released for China on Tuesday, which also showed an unexpected turnaround in factory activity in the world's second-largest economy, helped by a pre-holiday surge in orders.While it is too early to say whether Asia's largest exporters are adjusting to US tariffs, a pickup in global demand had given some manufacturers ‌cause for optimism heading into the new year."Exports from most countries have surged in recent months, and we think the near-term outlook for Asia’s export-oriented manufacturing sectors remains favourable," said Shivaan ‍Tandon, Asia Economist with Capital Economics.He ⁠noted most Asian ‌economies should continue to benefit from a shift in U.S. demand away from China and strong global demand for AI-related hardware.Taiwan's PMI rose to 50.9 in December from 48.8 in November, breaking above the 50-point mark that separates growth from contraction for the first time in 10 months."Taiwan's manufacturing sector ended 2025 on a high, with firms signalling fresh increases in production and overall new business amid reports of firmer demand conditions," said Annabel Fiddes, Economics Associate Director at S&P Global Market Intelligence."There were signs that companies anticipate the recovery to continue into 2026, with manufacturers building their inventories and expressing stronger ​optimism around future output."Similarly, South Korea's ‌PMI rose to 50.1 from 49.4, the first expansionary reading since September.Both economies are among the world's largest ⁠manufacturers of semiconductors, which have benefited ‍enormously from a booming market for artificial intelligence.South Korea's PMI survey showed the steepest rise in new orders since November 2024."According to manufacturers, new product launches and improved external demand drove the improvement in sales, while confidence in the outlook also improved markedly in December to reach its highest level since May 2022," said Usamah Bhatti, economist at ​S&P Global Market Intelligence. "In turn, firms were encouraged to raise both employment levels and purchasing activity."Official data released on Thursday showed exports from South Korea, a bellwether for global trade, beat forecasts in December.Elsewhere in Asia, factories mostly sustained activity growth although Indonesia and Vietnam reported slight moderations in expansion.India's factory sector activity slowed to its weakest growth in two years, although the pace is still among the region's strongest.Separately, Singapore on Friday reported a pickup in economic growth for 2025 to 4.8% from ⁠4.4% in 2024 while the quarterly growth beat forecasts.S&P Global will release the Japanese PMI on Monday. 

Gulf Times
Business

Economic Outlook for ASEAN-6 Countries during 2026 remains positive: QNB

Qatar National Bank (QNB) discussed the key factors that will support economic growth in the ASEAN-6 economies during 2026 and contribute to a positive growth outlook, including the stabilization of the global trade environment and the decline in the severity of risks associated with trade protectionism, along with the easing of monetary conditions in advanced economies as well as within the ASEAN-6 countries.In recent decades, Southeast Asia has been the most dynamic region in the world, showcasing the brightest economic growth performance, QNB added in its weekly economic commentary.Within this region, the six largest countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN-6), which includes Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines, have been among the fastest growing economies, with Singapore already reaching the status of an advanced economy.Trade is a major pillar of the economic growth model for the ASEAN-6 countries, and significant disruptions in international commerce can have a large impact on their performance.Trade and growth forecasts initially deteriorated sharply on fears of the impact of supply-chain disruptions, rocketing uncertainty, and potentially escalating trade wars. But despite a still-uncertain environment, the growth outlook for the ASEAN-6 group has been stable, with real GDP growth rates in 2026 expected to remain overall strong, similar to those of 2025.First, the global trade environment has begun to stabilize, as the U.S. reached agreements with an increasing number of trade partners, and there is no evidence of a negative impact of trade in the ASEAN-6 countries. The initially unyielding protectionism of the U.S. administration shifted towards pragmatism as agreements were reached with the U.K., Japan, and the E.U., among many others.Importantly, for the ASEAN-6, agreements were reached with Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Philippines, establishing a general tariff of 19% and lower rates for selected goods, while for Singapore the levy stands at 10%. Although these rates are higher than before Liberation Day, the end of the negotiations largely reduced the levels of uncertainty discarding the more extreme negative scenarios, and are still within a manageable range, especially as other competitors are also affected by new U.S. tariffs.Even as the U.S. has become more protectionist, the rest of the world is pursuing further integration via new or deeper trade agreements. In October, the ASEAN member states signed two major agreements: one improving cross-border flows within the group, and an upgrade of the ASEAN-China Free Trade framework. At the same time, negotiations began for an ASEAN-South Korea agreement. Furthermore, some ASEAN-6 countries appear to be benefiting from trade diversion as firms shift supply chains away from China.The impact of tariffs after Liberation Day on the ASEAN-6 economies has so far been negligible, with exports continuing to show monthly growth rates in the range of 10 to 20% in USD in annual terms. Even as the world adjusts to a more protectionist U.S., the outlook on global trade is improving, contributing to a more supportive growth scenario for the ASEAN-6 economies.Second, lower policy interest rates in the major advanced economies (AE), as well as in the ASEAN-6 countries, provide a better global environment for economic growth. Since 2024, the U.S. Federal Reserve has already lowered its policy rate by 175 basis points (bp) to 3.75% and is likely to bring it further down to a neutral level of 3.5%. In a similar period, the European Central Bank has lowered its benchmark policy rate by 200 bp to 2% and is likely to keep it unchanged during next year. Thus, policy interest rates in major AE are set to stabilize at lower levels than in recent years, providing better financial conditions for emerging economies.Similarly, central banks in the ASEAN-6 countries have implemented their own monetary easing cycles after inflation was brought under control following the post Covid-pandemic recovery. In these economies, the average increase in policy rates was 260 basis points (bps), to levels above those at the onset of the Covid-pandemic. As tight monetary policy brought inflation rates down to their target ranges, central banks reached a turning point and began to cut policy interest rates, reducing the cost of credit and boosting credit growth. Overall, looser monetary conditions in the AE as well as from the ASEAN-6 central banks provide better credit conditions for growth in the region.All in all, the growth outlook for the ASEAN-6 economies remains stable on the back of an improvement in the trade environment and more supportive monetary.

US President Donald Trump (centre L) walks with Malaysia's Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim (centre R) as he walks from Air Force One upon arrival at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Kuala Lumpur on October 26, 2025. US President Donald Trump arrived in Malaysia on October 26 on the first leg of an Asian tour that will include high-stakes trade talks with Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping. (AFP)
International

Red-carpet welcome for Trump in Malaysia as key Asian tour gets underway

US President Donald Trump arrived in Malaysia on Sunday on the first leg of an Asian tour that will include high-stakes trade talks with Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping.US-China trade talks in the Malaysian capital entered a second day on Sunday, ahead of Trump's meeting with Xi in South Korea, in a bid to seal a deal to end the bruising trade war between the world's two biggest economies.Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One that he hoped for a "comprehensive deal" with Xi, adding that he expected China to make a deal to avoid further 100 percent tariffs that are due to come into effect on November 1."We're moving forward to the final details of the type of agreement that the leaders can review," US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told reporters in Kuala Lumpur on Sunday.As he left Washington, Trump added to speculation that he could also meet North Korean leader Kim Jong Un for the first time since 2019 while on the Korean peninsula, saying he was "open to it".The US president will also visit Japan, on his first trip to Asia since returning to the White House in January in a blaze of tariffs and international dealmaking.It is Trump's first visit as president to Kuala Lumpur, where his flight was escorted on its final approach by two Malaysian F-18 jets.Greeted with a red carpet welcome and a sea of Malaysian and US flags, a grinning Trump responded with his trademark arm-waving dance to cultural performers.Trump, who is expected to sign a trade deal with Malaysia, rode with Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in his armoured Cadillac -- nicknamed "The Beast".A small group of protesters, including some holding placards reading "Dump Trump", rallied elsewhere in the city.The US president is also expected to witness the signing of a ceasefire agreement between Thailand and Cambodia, a truce he helped broker after the deadliest clashes between the neighbours in decades.Tariff talksAfter Malaysia, Trump is expected in Tokyo on Monday, where the following day he will meet Japan's new Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi.The US leader said he had heard "great things about her" and hailed the fact that she was an acolyte of assassinated former premier Shinzo Abe, with whom he had close ties.Takaichi said she told Trump in a phone call on Saturday that "strengthening the Japan-US alliance is my administration's top priority on the diplomatic and security front".Japan has escaped the worst of the tariffs Trump slapped on countries around the world to end what he calls unfair trade balances that are "ripping off the United States".The highlight of the trip is expected to be South Korea, where Trump will meet Xi for the first time since his return to office.Trump is due to land in the southern port city of Busan on Wednesday ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, and will meet South Korean President Lee Jae Myung.On Thursday, global markets will be watching closely to see if the meeting with Xi can halt the trade war sparked by Trump's sweeping tariffs, especially after a recent dispute over Beijing's rare-earth curbs.Trump initially threatened to cancel the meeting and announced the fresh 100 percent tariffs during that row, before saying he would go ahead after all.South Korea's reunification minister has said there is a "considerable" chance that Trump and North Korea's Kim will also meet.The two leaders last met in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two Koreas during Trump's first term.Kim has said he would also be open to meeting the US president if Washington drops its demand that Pyongyang give up its nuclear arsenal.