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Saturday, October 31, 2026 | Daily Newspaper published by GPPC Doha, Qatar.

Tag Results for "company law" (4 articles)

Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib
Business

Reasons for corporate failures and ways to address them

The important issue has been discussed many times and in different occasions with the aim of understanding the reasons for corporate failures and the ways and means of stopping such failures.Reasons for corporate failures could include issues related to ownership, management, structure of the corporation, etc. Ownership of companies as a matter of fact and law takes different ways, such as, family ownership or partnership or equity shareholding ownership. Each of the mentioned categories has, if we could say, its pros and cons.Regarding family ownership, we have to mention that, many companies diminish after the first or second generation. Failures could occur in family business due to lack of capital, business information, lack of vision, conflict of interest or others. With reference to partnerships, being simple or general, failure could happen to differences between partners regarding the business or future activities, lack of industry or good market or business. The partners or one of them, also, may face some financial or logistical problems that affects his role in the company. Equity shareholding companies are not free from such instances and they face difficulties regarding ownership. This is obvious from the fact that we seldom notice the involvement of most shareholders in the affairs of the company. Many shareholders are completely ignorant about what is happening in their company and this attitude, in certain cases, lead to the failure. In some instances, with reference to this type of companies, the board of directors or the senior management of the company could be the direct cause for the failure of the company. This happens when they are not performing their duties properly and there is nobody or authority to question them.Management requires leadership with vision and mission. This should be maintained in all cases, being family companies or equity shareholding companies. The proper management includes, planning for present and future operations in a satisfactory way and the business adds real and material value for its stakeholders.The company law includes certain specific provisions that should be followed all through the life span of the corporation. These provisions, we believe, will safeguard the interests of the companies and could help in escaping corporate failures. There are provisions regarding the rights of shareholders to follow the affairs of the company during the annual meetings. The required mandatory disclosure by the management to the shareholders and the competent authorities is a legal requirement that should be implemented. Disclosure enables the shareholders or the required party to take the appropriate steps in the appropriate time.There are many other legal duties, such as, the duties of the external auditors and their mandatory role in safeguarding the interests of the company, the shareholders and the community. The external auditors are required to inform the competent authorities in cases where there are clear unattended serious violations by the management. The law gives the competent authorities the right to intervene and take required appropriate actions to safeguard the interests of the company or the shareholders. We believe that, the legislator gave such legal authority to the external auditors and or the competent authorities so as to enable them to take corrective actions to avoid corporate failures.In certain cases, we notice that, governments took drastic measures and steps to avoid failures of certain corporations that represent the national image. Governments, of course, take such measures based on legal authorisation and this authorisation can be used in all cases. The law includes many ways and means to help proper governance of corporations. Such measures could help in avoiding corporate failures. However, we believe, the shareholders should take positive actions to improve their companies and this could lead to positive progress and keep companies away from failures.Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel.

Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib
Business

Directors of companies and their legal responsibilities

Legally speaking, the positions of chairmanship and membership of boards of joint stock companies such as banks, investment companies, insurance companies etc, come with its burdens and liabilities. The appointees may rejoice on the big titles for social purposes. But, as a matter of law and fact, they are sitting on “hot chairs”. The provisions of the company law give clear view about the (heat) of such responsibilities. As examples, the chairman and members of the board shall be liable towards the company, shareholders and third parties for all the acts of fraud, abuse of authority, violation of the law or the articles of association, and they shall also be liable for mismanagement due to acts of negligence.This shows that everyone has the right to take legal action on the occurrence of any of the above instances against the chairman and members of the board. They are exposed to legal proceedings from within or without the company. This indicates that the chairman and directors should perform their duties with utmost care, diligence and high standards of professionalism, failing which the company or any shareholder or other third party may take legal proceedings against them jointly or separately. Many shareholders are not aware of this legal right, could be due to their ignorance, or carelessness.The chairman and directors are jointly liable if the fault or negligent mistake occurs as a result of resolutions adopted unanimously. However, if the resolution has been adopted by majority only, the dissenting directors shall not be held liable provided that they have recorded their objections in the minutes of the meeting.This shows the importance of reporting all necessary details in the minutes. Directors who have dissenting opinions shall insist on entering and recording their dissenting views in the minutes, otherwise they share the responsibility with other directors regarding the outcome of that specific resolution. Moreover, it is important to mention, that mere absence of a director during the meeting wherein that specific resolution has been adopted will not absolve him from the liability unless he has proved that he was not aware of the resolution or that he was aware of it but was unable to show or explain his objection for any reason. This shows that the legal burden regarding resolutions of the board is following the director even during his absence at the time of that particular resolution. This, we believe, is very important because the intention of the legislature is to close the door for some directors who may seek an “alibi” when they know that certain issues will be discussed and they don’t want to involve themselves. A director should have a say in all the issues raised because he is responsible in all cases and mere absence will not bar absolve him of the liability.The general assembly shall specify who should take the legal proceedings, on behalf of the company. If the company is in liquidation, the liquidator shall assume the powers of the shareholders and initiate the legal proceedings on behalf of the company. A shareholder, by himself may initiate such proceedings if he thinks the company has failed to do so but he should prove the occurrence of particular damage to him as a shareholder, and such shareholder should take all steps to notify the management of his intention to initiate legal proceedings.An additional burden or misgiving, relates to the fact that neither the chairman nor the directors shall do or start any work that may cause competition to the company. The conflict-of-interest rule shall be observed carefully. This is to deprive the occurrence of all instances of malpractices, opportunism and importation. All brains and hands of all directors shall work towards one ultimate goal and direction, which is the interest of the company and shareholders. This attitude and goal shall always prevail over personal interests of the persons elected to serve the company. However, the general assembly may, in certain genuine circumstances, exempt a director from such limitation under certain conditions provided that this exemption shall not hamper or affect the interests of other shareholders.Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel. 

Gulf Times
Business

Board of directors and corporate governance

A basic principle of corporate governance (CG) relates to the board of directors of the company, wherein the company shall be headed by an effective, collegial and informative board of directors. You need, as a board member or an executive in the company, to ask yourself, where do we (as a company) stand in this?To achieve the ultimate goal and rationale of corporate governance, all members of the board should understand their exact role and responsibilities stipulated, inter alia, in the company law, the articles a memorandum of association of the company, the corporate culture and the corporate governance code. The outcome of this in particular highlights that the role of the board is different from the role of the shareholders of the company (whose interests the board serves) and, also, the role of the officers at the different levels working in the company.In particular, members should understand the board’s fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the company, the shareholders, the stakeholders and the community in general. All members of the board in each company are responsible both individually and collectively for performing these responsibilities, which cannot be transferred nor delegated to other persons.When a new board is appointed, the chairman of the board, assisted by the advisors of the company, should review the board’s role and duties with all members of the board, particularly covering the legal and regulatory requirements and the particulars stipulated in the code of corporate governance.The company should have a written appointment agreement with each member of the board which includes the director’s powers and duties and other matters relating to his appointment including his tenure, the time commitment envisaged, the committee’s assignment if any, the remuneration and expense reimbursement entitlement, and the access to independent professional advice when needed.The board should consider adopting a formal “Board Charter” or other statement in a legal document specifying matters which are reserved to the board, which should include but need not be limited to the specific items stated in the company law. An alternative is a formal statement or by-law stating the functions and authority delegated to the officers as mentioned in the company law.The board should be collegial and deliberative, to gain the benefit of each member of the board of directors’ judgment and experience. There is a great need to benefit from the knowledge, knowhow and the wisdom of each board member. The chairman should take an active lead in promoting mutual trust, open discussion, constructive dissent and support for decisions after they have been made. To achieve such goals, the board should meet frequently, more than the minimum required by law.All members of the board should attend the meetings, and the board should maintain informal communication between meetings. Unexcused absence is not welcomed as it may disturb the functions of the board and indicates that the person is not the type of those needed for efficient board of directors as stipulated in the Corporate Governance Code.Regarding attendance, more control measures are required and continuous absence could lead to termination of membership. In this, we believe that, perseverance and loyalty are necessary elements for consideration at the time of appointing each member on the board. It goes without saying, this includes independent directors, as well. Commitment and accountability rules reflect the effectiveness of the board and are essentially required and should be observed by members of the board, taking into account that they are supposed to excel and give good example to all related parties in the company, the shareholders and stakeholders.If you are a board member, you need to ask yourself where you stand in this and whether you are effective enough to make your board more efficient, as required for corporate governance purposes.Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel.  

Gulf Times
Business

Duties of directors and officers in companies

Legal PerspectiveThe duties of the directors and officers in companies, are governed by the provisions of the company law, the articles and memorandum of association of the company and, moreover, the corporate governance rules. Herein, we mention that, the directors of the company and the officers are to be taken as agents of the company. However, always, the directors share with the officers the same fiduciary duties that an agent owes the principal. The recent trend, in the corporate transactions, has been to raise the standard of conduct required of directors and officers.There are fiduciary duties that the officers and the directors owe to their company including, the duty to act within one’s authority and within the powers of the company as mentioned in its activities. And, there is also the duty to act diligently and with due care in conducting the affairs of the company. Moreover, the duty is also act with loyalty and good faith for the benefit of the company.Directors and officers must act within the authority given to them by the company, by the law, the articles, and the related bylaws. The directors and or the officers may be liable to the company if it is damaged by an act exceeding their authority or if they act outside of the scope of the corporation’s authority.However, if they enter an “ultra vires” transaction, justifiably believing it to be within the scope of the company’s business, they are not held liable. Like any principal, a company may ratify an unauthorised act by its directors and officers or other agents. This may be done through a resolution of the board of directors or of the shareholders. It may also be implied from acceptance of benefits from the unauthorised act. Ratification, when it occurs, releases the directors or the officers from any liability to the company and binds the company as if the act originally had been authorised.The company, as a legal juristic person, can’t take actions by itself nor is it able to do such work. Simply, it is impossible. Therefore, this role is vested, by law, on the directors and officers of the company who step into the shoes of the company and take its role on its behalf.However, the law provides that, the directors and the officers shall perform their duties within the required parameters of the law, in addition, to the customary regular practices in the same field. Attention, professionalism and wisdom are all required from the directors and the officers in the company.Needless to say, that in case of any negligence or malpractice or fraudulent acts by any one, it will straight open the way for criminal and or civil litigation against the concerned. No doubt, all directors or officers in all companies, should excel in performing their duties to achieve best results for themselves, their companies and the whole society. This is what we are all looking for and anticipating from such honest and high calibre personnel. Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel. Email: [email protected]