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When the oil price crashed in the mid-1990s, reaching lows of below $20 per barrel after it had peaked during the Iraq-Kuwait conflict, it was a huge challenge for exporting nations. It exposed economies that were heavily reliant on an unpredictable, fluctuating global price for a single commodity. Since then, policy-makers in the Gulf have learned valuable lessons about how to dampen the boom-and-bust cycle and rebalance their economies.Three decades on, a report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), struggles to find fault with the progress made. Its latest report on the six nations of the Gulf Co-operation Council (December 2025) commends policy in all areas of economic policy: monetary, fiscal and trade and business-related matters.There are several policy areas that mitigate dependence on global commodity prices:Long-term, global investments through a sovereign wealth fund,Counter-cyclical fiscal policy, making investment decisions based on potential for economic development rather than trophy assets,Encouragement of diversification through nurturing universities, research centres and entrepreneurial growth, including in hi-tech, supporting digitalisation and AI,Reducing bureaucracy and encouraging trade. The GCC has committed to these disciplines. The report’s title refers to ‘enhancing’ resilience to global shocks – many of the key reforms are in place, and in some cases have been established for many years.The region has been less affected by tariffs and trade disputes than some other parts of the world. Energy is exempt from the tariffs, and the Gulf economies do not have huge exposure to the US consumer market. The IMF notes that growth prospects for the global economy are subdued, including for the oil and gas sector. But low-to-moderate growth with moderate oil prices and low inflation is a healthy place for Gulf economies to be, given their strengths, including low debt and fiscal surpluses or low deficits, with the exception of Bahrain. Five GCC nations are in the top 30 most competitive nations, with the UAE in fifth place and Qatar in ninth.It is still the case that oil and gas exports remain the primary export earner in the region. The oil price has remained remarkably stable for the past year, typically around the $60-70 mark, despite significant price rises in commodities such as precious metals. It is likely to remain reasonably stable, as the forces that could send it sharply upwards or down are in balance. There has been something of a glut in supply, while economic growth has slowed and there is tension between the US and Venezuela, an oil producer.Diversification initiatives have been helped by governments in the region prioritising digitalisation and use of artificial intelligence (AI). The IMF reports that the GCC ‘is close to or on par with advanced economies as indicated by the Enhanced Digital Access Index (EDAI)’, scoring well on digital infrastructure and affordability.The report notes the overseas assets held by Gulf nations, although these do vary. Gross international investment assets range from 90% of GDP in Bahrain to 760% of GDP in Kuwait as of 2023.Two features that are somewhat more negative, highlighted in the report, are linked: The extent to which the public sector continues to be the dominant provider of employment, and to be the main source of investment. The IMF would like to see more private sector-led development. Growth figures for the non-hydrocarbon sector have been healthy, and more growth is projected, ranging from 2.5-4.5%, helped by the region hosting major international events especially sporting events. The share of exports that non-hydrocarbons account for varies considerably: From just 5-7% of GDP in Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, to as high as 60% in the United Arab Emirates, reflecting the development of trading and manufacturing hubs especially in Dubai.The level of public sector employment in the region, while higher than ideal for a balanced economy, does mean that oil wealth is to some extent spread throughout the economy, and not confined to the elite. This supports domestic demand. But the IMF would like to see the wage gap between the public and private sectors reduced.For many years the Gulf nations have been welcoming to immigrants, and have a well-developed work visa system. This has helped economic development in a region with high per-capita income but a small indigenous population. The region is well positioned to attract talent from all parts of the world, especially as the US and Europe have become less welcoming to immigrants.The Fund also recommends further development in local financial markets. There is scope to expand the depth of credit and bond markets. Nations that have a higher proportion of local currency debt, and diverse investor bases, have more stable bond yields and market liquidity during periods of stress.Regional trade could be boosted, for example by reducing non-tariff barriers such as content requirements, and bottlenecks in logistics and trade financing. There is scope for increased trade both within the Gulf Co-operation Council members, and with neighbouring regions, such as Africa and south Asia.Monetary policy, by following the US and pegging currencies to the dollar, has been slightly restrictive, with interest rates above the estimated neutral level, which helps keep inflation low.Overall, while the overall economic outlook for the world is still ‘tilted to the downside’, the report says, the Gulf nations are well-positioned.The author is a Qatari banker, with many years of experience in the banking sector in senior positions. 

The Kuwaiti crude oil price rose $1.46 during Wednesday's trading to reach $64.53 per barrel (pb) compared with Tuesday's $63.07 pb, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) said on Thursday. Globally, brent futures rose by $3.03 to reach $64.35 pb and West Texas Intermediate climbed by $1.42 to reach $59.92 pb.

The price of Oman oil (November delivery 2025) reached USD 62.74 on Tuesday, marking a drop of USD 1.16 compared to Monday’s price of USD 63.90.The average price of Oman oil (October delivery 2025) has stabilized at USD 69.33 per barrel, which is USD 1.87 per barrel lower than the price for the September 2025 delivery.

Oil prices slipped nearly 1% on Monday after Iraq’s Kurdistan region resumed crude oil exports, and as OPEC+ plans another oil output hike in November. Brent crude futures fell 63 cents, or 0.90%, to $69.50 a barrel, after settling at their highest level since July 31 on Friday. U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude was trading at $65.07 a barrel, down 65 cents, or 0.99%, giving back most of Friday’s gains. Both Brent and WTI rose more than 4% last week, marking their biggest weekly gains since June.

Market Eye Oil price slippage had its reflection on the Qatar Stock Exchange, which Monday lost as much as 47 points as the Arab individual investors turned net profit takers. The insurance, industrials, transport and banking counters witnessed higher than average selling pressure as the 20-stock Qatar Index shed 0.42% to 11,175.48 points, although it touched an intraday high of 11,230 points. The Gulf institutions were seen bearish in the main market, whose year-to-date gains truncated further to 5.72%. The domestic funds’ weakened net buying had its influence on the main bourse, whose capitalisation melted QR2.51bn or 0.37 to QR667.34bn, mainly on small and microcap segments. The local retail investors continued to be net sellers but with lesser intensity in the main market, which saw as many as 2,438 exchange traded funds (sponsored by Doha Bank) valued at QR0.03mn trade across six deals. The foreign individuals turned net buyers in the main bourse, whose trade turnover and volumes were on the decline. The Islamic index was seen declining slower than the other indices of the main market, which saw no trading of treasury bills. The foreign institutions turned bullish in the main bourse, which saw no trading of sovereign bonds. The Total Return Index shed 0.42%, the All Share Index by 0.39% and the All Islamic Index by 0.32% in the main market. The insurance sector index declined 0.8%, industrials (0.58%), transport (0.51%), banks and financial services (0.44%) and telecom (0.33%): while consumer goods and services gained 0.68% and real estate 0.12%. About 53% of the traded constituents were in the red with major losers in the main market being Estithmar Holding, Milaha, Qatar Insurance, QIIB, Commercial Bank, Industries Qatar, Ooredoo and Qatar Electricity and Water. Nevertheless, Qatar German Medical Devices, Meeza, Woqod, AlRayan Bank, Baladna and Al Faleh Educational Holding were among the movers in the main bourse. In the venture market, Techno Q saw its shares appreciate in value. The Arab individual investors turned net sellers to the tune of QR1.76mn compared with net buyers of QR2.24mn on Sunday. The Gulf institutions were net sellers to the extent of QR1.26mn against net buyers of QR9.82mn the previous day. The domestic institutions’ net buying decreased noticeably to QR1.21mn compared to QR6.37mn on August 31. However, the foreign retail investors turned net buyers to the tune of QR5.64mn against net sellers of QR0.8mn on Sunday. The foreign institutions were net buyers to the extent of QR2.07mn compared with net sellers of QR12.01mn the previous day. The Gulf individual investors’ net buying expanded perceptibly to QR1.45mn against QR0.52mn on August 31. The local retail investors’ net profit booking weakened markedly to QR3.2mn compared to QR6.45mn on Sunday. The Arab institutions had no major net exposure against net buyers to the extent of QR0.32mn the previous day. The main market saw 2% slump in trade volumes to 105.81mn shares, less than 1% in value to QR278.54n and 17% in deals to 14,385. In the venture market, a total of 0.07mn equities valued at QR0.2mn changed hands across 16 transactions.