Europe has introduced its most significant overhaul of external border control in decades. It has also introduced a new point of friction into the passenger journey at precisely the moment the system faces its first real stress test.The Entry/Exit System, known as EES, became fully operational across the Schengen area on April 10. Its objective is clear. Replace manual passport stamping with a centralised digital system that records biometric data for non-EU travellers, tracks entries and exits, and identifies overstays with far greater accuracy. British, American and Gulf passengers arriving into Europe now provide fingerprints, a facial image and passport details at the border. In policy terms, the logic is sound. In operational terms, the execution is already under strain.Queues of several hours have been reported within days of full implementation. These are not isolated disruptions linked to a single airport or a temporary systems issue. They reflect a structural mismatch between how the system is designed to function and how airports actually operate at scale.The warning signs were visible well before April. EES was introduced in phases, gradually expanding coverage from a small proportion of travellers to full deployment. At each stage, there were indications that processing times were longer than expected and that the supporting infrastructure was not consistently reliable. Airports such as Lisbon experienced sufficient disruption to suspend use of the system temporarily, supported by additional police staffing to manage queues. That response alone should have been enough to signal that the system was not yet ready for universal application.What has happened since full implementation is predictable. Border processing now includes biometric capture for every eligible passenger. That adds time to each individual transaction. The European Commission has pointed to an average processing time of around 70 seconds per passenger. The figure is technically correct and operationally misleading. Airports do not function on averages. They function on peaks.When multiple long-haul aircraft arrive within a narrow window, several hundred passengers can reach immigration at the same time. A marginal increase in processing time per passenger quickly compounds into significant queues. Add even a small disruption, such as a non-functioning kiosk or a shortage of border officers, and the system slows further. Once a queue begins to build, it does not dissipate quickly. It feeds into itself.This dynamic is well understood within the industry. Airport infrastructure is built around waves of arrivals and departures, particularly at major hubs. Morning transatlantic arrivals, evening long-haul banks, and high-density short-haul peaks create predictable surges in passenger flow. Any system that adds friction at the border must be designed to handle those surges, not theoretical averages spread across a day.The EES system, in its current state, struggles to do that. Airlines and airport operators had raised concerns months before full rollout. Industry bodies including Airports Council International Europe, Airlines for Europe and the International Air Transport Association identified three core risks: Insufficient border staffing, unresolved technology issues, and the absence of a widely available pre-registration tool that would allow passengers to complete part of the process before arriving at the airport.Those concerns remain valid. Staffing levels at many border checkpoints are tight, even during normal operations. The addition of biometric processing increases the workload at each position. Technology reliability has improved compared with early trials, yet failures continue to occur, particularly at automated kiosks. The pre-registration application, designed to reduce pressure by shifting part of the process away from the airport, remains limited in its availability. As a result, the entire burden falls on the border itself.The implications are already visible. Passengers are missing flights because they cannot clear immigration in time, airlines are adjusting boarding processes to account for uncertainty at outbound passport control, and airports are managing queues that extend far beyond the physical space originally designed for border processing.The impact is not evenly distributed. Airports with a high proportion of non-EU arrivals are under greater pressure, particularly those handling long-haul traffic from North America, the Gulf and Asia. These passengers must all pass through EES processing, and they often arrive in concentrated waves. For those airports, the system introduces a new constraint on throughput at precisely the busiest points in the day.There is also a reputational dimension. Passengers do not distinguish between an airport operator, a national border authority or an EU-managed system. The experience is interpreted as a single journey. Long queues at immigration become an airport problem in the eyes of the traveller, regardless of where responsibility sits. That matters for hubs that have invested heavily in efficiency and service as part of their competitive positioning.The timing compounds the challenge. Europe is approaching the peak summer travel period, when passenger volumes increase significantly across all major hubs. July and August will bring sustained pressure rather than isolated peaks. The system has yet to demonstrate that it can operate smoothly under those conditions.At the same time, the wider aviation environment is already complex. Airlines are managing higher operating costs, network adjustments linked to geopolitical developments, and continued supply constraints on aircraft deliveries. Passenger demand remains strong, yet expectations around reliability and ease of travel have risen. Border friction sits directly within that expectation.None of this suggests that EES is an unnecessary policy. The objective of accurately tracking entries and exits, identifying overstays and strengthening external border security is legitimate. The system has already processed tens of millions of crossings and contributed to enforcement outcomes that were not previously possible at scale. The issue is not the concept. It is the timing and the readiness of the infrastructure supporting it.A more flexible approach to implementation would reflect operational reality. Allowing temporary suspensions or scaled-back processing during peak periods would provide immediate relief while technical and staffing issues are addressed. Accelerating the rollout of pre-registration tools would shift part of the process away from the border itself, reducing pressure where it is most acute. Investment in staffing and equipment reliability is equally essential.The author is an aviation analyst. X handle: @AlexInAir.