India's largest stock exchange operator recorded a modest trading debut on Thursday, closing 1.9% higher than its issue price after raising $2.35bn in the country's second-biggest initial public offering, report AFP. The National Stock Exchange (NSE), which handles the vast majority of domestic equities trading, has been one of India's most anticipated listings this year and comes after a decade-long wait to go public. Shares opened at 1,800 rupees ($18.76) on rival exchange BSE, up just 0.84 % from the IPO price of 1,785 rupees, before ending the day at 1,818 rupees. The offering valued NSE at about 4.4tn rupees ($46bn), making it one of the world's most valuable exchange operators. The exchange has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of India's retail investing boom, with millions of first-time traders entering the market after the pandemic. NSE commands about 93 % of India's cash equities market and has become the world's largest derivatives exchange by contracts traded, driven largely by a surge in options trading among retail investors. But analysts had warned in the run-up to the IPO that stretched valuations could be a concern.