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Fewer US travellers are due to fly over the upcoming Thanksgiving holidays later this month, with Christmas demand also looking shaky, as a record US government shutdown and concerns about the economy weigh on would-be flyers. Consumers’ appetite for air travel during the usually busy Thanksgiving week, slowed down significantly as the budgetary impasse lingered on and are now down 3.3% compared with a year ago, according to data released on Monday by Cirium, an aviation analytics firm.That contrasts with the 2% increase seen at the end of October. The gloomy outlook comes as travel was rebounding from a slowdown earlier this year, when consumers skipped flying amid concerns over the economy. Bookings for Christmas travel are also below expectations. They are down 0.4% compared to last year, according to Cirium. The firm collected the data, which reflects almost half a million bookings, on November 14, two days after the end of the 43-day shutdown.Cirium said the data was indicative of a trend as it was “based on a sample of data from online travel agencies and not the airlines themselves.” Airlines cancelled more than 11,000 flights over the past week, when the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered carriers to shave off schedules to keep air travel safe. The dropped flights added to delays from fatigued air traffic controllers working without pay. Delta Air Lines Inc said the shutdown will have a significant impact on earnings amid cancellations and a slowdown in holiday bookings from wary customers worried about getting stranded during Thanksgiving. “We had a little over 2,000 cancellations. You can’t make that up within the quarter. So, yes, there was an impact,” Delta’s Chief Executive Officer Ed Bastian said Wednesday.The shutdown-related disruptions will slash about $400mn from airlines’ operating income, the amount of sales left after expenses, according to Conor Cunningham, an analyst with Melius Research LLC. Airlines responded to the FAA-mandated cuts with the same playbook they use for snowstorms.They re-accommodated passengers on same-day alternative flights, issued refunds and adjusted their schedules. Other cost-inflating decisions were made, including flying aircrafts with some extra fuel in the tank, in case of diversions or longer wait times to land, as seen in previous shutdowns.United Airlines Holdings Inc and Delta selectively preserved hub-to-hub flights while scrubbing regional service. “The regional airlines bore the brunt of the cancellations as their major airline partners sought to minimise passenger inconvenience and revenue impact from the flight cuts,” Michael Linenberg, an analyst with Deutsche Bank AG, said in a report. Regional carrier SkyWest Inc, which partners with United, Delta, American Airlines Group Inc and Alaska Air Group Inc had about 11% of its flights cancelled, compared with an average 6.5% for the industry in the past week, Linenberg said.

China’s credit expansion was the weakest in more than a year last month, dragged down by slower government bond sales and sluggish borrowing demand across the economy.Aggregate financing, a broad measure of credit, increased 815bn yuan ($115bn) in October, according to Bloomberg calculations based on data released by the People’s Bank of China on Thursday. That’s the lowest level since July 2024 and well short of the 1.2tn-yuan forecast by economists in a Bloomberg survey.Financial institutions recorded an expansion of 219bn yuan of new loans in the month, also worse than expected, with growth in the outstanding stock of loans to the real economy reaching a record low.Government bond issuance has recently slowed compared with a year ago, as authorities brought forward sales earlier in 2025. Another factor at play for credit growth is seasonal, since banks are usually not in a rush to meet their lending targets at the beginning of each quarter.“Disappointing as the October credit report is, we don’t expect it to push the People’s Bank of China to loosen its key policy levers any further this year. But the PBoC remains in an easing cycle and will probably keep liquidity conditions supportive for growth. Given the weakness in the economy, we see it delivering fresh easing in the first quarter of next year,” says David Qu, Bloomberg Economics.The disappointing reading came despite the boost from the rollout of funding provided under China’s new policy financing tool, which is worth 500bn yuan. It underlined just how sluggish borrowing demand has become in the face of weak consumer and business confidence.Companies were reluctant to borrow for investment or expansion, as mid- and long-term corporate loans only expanded 31bn yuan, less than a fifth the level a year ago.Household mid-and long-term loans, a proxy for mortgages, contracted again, in a sign consumers continue to shy away from home purchases.Taken together, additional borrowing by households so far this year was the smallest since the global financial crisis in 2008.“Weak mortgage demand remains a major drag on credit growth,” said Leah Fahy, China economist at Capital Economics. “It’s also clear that the subsidies for consumer loans launched at the start of September haven’t put a floor under household demand.”Banks struggling to find borrowers are increasingly doling out fake loans to clients in order to meet government-set targets for credit, Bloomberg News has reported.For now, China’s central bank has signalled it remains patient with the continued slowdown in credit growth, saying it’s natural as the economy transitions away from old growth drivers. That guidance has led to reduced expectations for further interest rate cuts by the end of this year.Looking ahead, analysts at Barclays Bank see faster sovereign debt sales offering more support toward the end of the year and into 2026. “Government bond issuance could gain pace in the coming months,” they said.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) announced that global demand for oil and gas may continue to rise until 2050, marking a departing from its previous forecasts that had predicted a faster shift toward clean fuels.The Agency, headquartered in France, said in its World Energy Outlook 2025 report that oil demand could reach 113 million barrels per day by mid-century, an increase of 1 3% compared to 2024 levels. It added that global energy demand is expected to rise by 15% by 2035 under the current policies scenario, which assumes the continuation of existing government measures without factoring in more ambitious climate goals.The report also pointed to a significant potential increase in liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, with around 300 billion cubic meters of additional export capacity to be added by 2030. This would expand the market from 560 billion cubic meters in 2024 to more than one trillion cubic meters by 2050, driven by growing demand in sectors such as artificial intelligence and data centers.The IEA further projected that investments in data centers could reach USD 580 billion in 2025, surpassing global annual spending on oil, which currently stands at around USD 540 billion.

Dozens of protesters rallied in New Delhi Sunday to demand government action on toxic air, as a thick haze containing dangerous microparticles shrouded the Indian capital. Parents in the crowd brought their children, who wore masks and waved placards, with one reading: "I miss breathing".New Delhi with its sprawling metropolitan region of 30mn residents is regularly ranked among the world's most polluted capitals.Acrid smog blankets the skyline each winter, when cooler air traps pollutants close to the ground, creating a deadly mix of emissions from crop burning, factories and heavy traffic.Levels of PM2.5 - cancer-causing microparticles small enough to enter the bloodstream - sometimes rise to as much as 60 times the UN's daily health limits."Today I am here just as a mother," said protester Namrata Yadav, who came with her son."I am here because I don't want to become a climate refugee."Sunday, PM2.5 levels around India Gate, the iconic war memorial where protesters had assembled, were more than 13 times the World Health Organisation's recommended daily maximum.**media[379467]**"Year after year, it is the same story but there is no solution," said Tanvi Kusum, a lawyer who said she had come because she was "frustrated"."We have to build pressure so that the government at least takes up the issue seriously."Piecemeal government initiatives have failed to make a noticeable impact.These included partial restrictions on fossil fuel-powered transport and water trucks spraying mist to clear particulate matter from the air."Pollution is cutting our lives," said a young woman who claimed to be "speaking for Delhi" and refused to share her name.**media[379459]**A study in The Lancet Planetary Health last year estimated that 3.8mn deaths in India between 2009 and 2019 were linked to air pollution.The United Nations children's agency warns that polluted air puts children at heightened risk of acute respiratory infections.As the sun set into the smog-covered skyline, the crowd of protesters appeared to swell before police bundled several activists into a bus, seizing their placards and banners, arguing they did not have a permission to protest there.One of them, half-torn, read: "I just want to breathe".

Oil prices rose in early Asian trading on Monday after OPEC+ announced a pause in output hikes during the first quarter of 2026, reflecting a cautious stance amid ongoing demand uncertainty. Brent Crude gained 0.47% to trade at $65.24 per barrel, after closing $0.07 higher on Friday. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) rose 0.45% to $61.43 per barrel. During an online meeting on Sunday, eight OPEC+ member states agreed to raise production by 137,000 barrels per day in December 2025, consistent with the increases implemented in October and November. The group subsequently announced a pause on further output hikes for January, February, and March 2026, citing "seasonality" and typically weaker demand during the first quarter. Both Brent and WTI fell by more than 2% in October, marking their third consecutive monthly decline and hitting their lowest levels in five months on October 20, amid concerns about oversupply and economic uncertainty linked to potential US tariff measures.

South Korea's automobile exports rose 16.8% year-on-year in September, supported by robust overseas demand for eco-friendly vehicles in Europe and Asia, data from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy showed on Monday, as cited by Yonhap News Agency. The value of outbound automobile shipments reached $6.41 billion last month — the highest figure for any September on record. In terms of volume, exports rose 11% from a year earlier to 228,000 units.Between January and September, South Korea's accumulated auto exports hit an all-time high of $54.1 billion. By type, exports of eco-friendly cars — including electric, hybrid, and hydrogen-powered vehicles — surged 47.5% year-on-year to 90,496 units, marking the first time monthly exports exceeded 90,000 vehicles and accounting for nearly 40% of total car exports. Among them, hybrid vehicle shipments jumped 55.7% to 57,824 units, while electric vehicle (EV) exports climbed 38.9% to 29,288 units, extending gains for the fourth consecutive month. On the domestic front, auto sales rose 20.8% year-on-year in September to 158,000 units, the highest level since November 2023. EV sales surged 135% to a record monthly high of 28,760 units. For the January-September period, domestic EV sales increased 57.5% to 170,000 units, surpassing last year's total of 142,000. The data also showed domestic automobile production climbed 8.9% in September to 334,000 units, aided by a higher number of working days compared with the previous year.

Doha’s hospitality market remains “stable” as tourism demand remains robust in 2025 with steady growth, especially in the leisure and staycation, which hold considerable untapped potential, according to KPMG in Qatar.Post-2022, the market stabilised with ADR (average daily rate) and RevPAR (revenue per available room) remaining above pre-World Cup levels amid steady growth in visitor arrivals, KPMG in Qatar said in its latest report.“Qatar’s hospitality sector rebounded steadily post-pandemic, supported by new events, attractions, and tourism initiatives,” the report said.As of YTD (year-to-date) August 2025, occupancy stands at about 69%, ADR at QR429, and RevPAR at QR300, reflecting a resilient performance, it said, adding Qatar’s hospitality sector continues to sustain “strong” momentum.February posted the strongest results, with occupancy at 82.5% and ADR at QR490, driven by favourable winter weather and major events such as the Global Champions Arabians Tour and the Web Summit.January and April also benefited from the pleasant climate, sustaining occupancy levels above 76%, it said, adding March saw the sharpest dip, with occupancy falling to 52.3% and ADR to QR369, reflecting muted demand during Ramadan, when shorter business hours and fewer leisure activities typically curb travel.From May to August, the market cooled, with RevPAR easing to QR243 in August, reflecting the off-peak summer period when high temperatures typically reduce travel in the region.KPMG in Qatar said tourism today is no longer defined by a single experience but by a spectrum of segments that cater to different traveller motivations. From sports and eco-conscious tourism to adventure, heritage, leisure, and staycations, the sector is evolving to meet diverse preferences, it said.“These segments collectively strengthen Qatar’s positioning as a diverse, year-round destination, appealing to international, regional, and domestic travellers,” it said.On leisure and staycation, it said such developments bring year-round demand drivers that balance Qatar’s tourism sector, particularly during weekends, holidays, and off-peak seasons, ensuring steadier performance.“The segment holds considerable untapped potential, especially through developing tailored staycation packages for international tourists and residents, families, couples, and young professionals, while also diversifying experiences beyond accommodation,” it said.By integrating wellness, recreation, dining, entertainment, adventure, and cultural activities into staycation offerings, Qatar can elevate these short breaks into comprehensive lifestyle experiences that strengthen domestic and regional demand, according to KPMG in Qatar.Qatar is positioned to spearhead new projects and initiatives that align with the latest trends shaping the hospitality and tourism sector, it said, highlighting The West Bay Beaches and Al Safliya Island Development project.By integrating entertainment and hospitality into a single destination and delivering it through a PPP (public private partnership) model, the project aligns with global trends of diversified tourism development supported by private investment, it said.“The West Bay Beaches and Al Safliya Island developments go beyond tourism, creating wide-ranging impacts across human, social, economic, and environmental dimensions. By enhancing quality of life, strengthening cultural identity, diversifying the economy, and embedding sustainability, they contribute directly to the objectives of Qatar National Vision 2030,” the report said.

Gold and silver prices surged to new record highs on Monday, driven by strong safe-haven demand amid renewed trade tensions between the United States and China, as well as expectations that the US Federal Reserve will cut interest rates. Spot gold rose 0.7% to $4,044.29 per ounce, while US gold futures for December delivery advanced 1.6% to $4,062.50. Silver climbed 2% in spot trading to a record $51.52 per ounce, extending its recent rally. Gold, which yields no interest, has gained 54% so far this year, supported by anticipation of lower borrowing costs and increased geopolitical uncertainty. Among other precious metals, platinum rose 2.6% to $1,628.80 per ounce, while palladium gained 2.6% to $1,442.06.

The US dollar climbed to a two-month-high in early Asian trading on Wednesday, as mounting risks surrounding the US government shutdown stoked investor anxiety and lifted demand for safe-haven assets. The dollar index, which tracks the greenback against six major peers, rose 0.3% to 98.91, its strongest level since August 5. The New Zealand dollar weakened as much as 1% to $0.5739 after the Reserve Bank of New Zealand unexpectedly cut interest rates by 50 basis points, signaling the possibility of further monetary easing amid worsening economic indicators. The Australian dollar slipped 0.4% to $0.6559, while the dollar strengthened 0.4% against the yen to 152.54, hovering near its highest level since February. Meanwhile, the euro declined 0.3% to $1.1618 and the British pound fell 0.2% to $1.3395. The offshore Chinese yuan eased 0.1% from the previous session to 7.1506 per dollar.

Gold prices surged to a record high on Wednesday, driven by investor demand for safe-haven assets after the official start of the US government shutdown and as soft labor data bolstered expectations of Federal Reserve rate cuts. Spot gold was up at $3,873.46 per ounce. Bullion logged about 12% rise in September, making it the metal's sharpest monthly rise since August 2011. US gold futures for December delivery gained 0.4% to $3,888.80. Elsewhere, spot silver was steady at $46.64 per ounce, platinum held its ground at $1,573.76 and palladium fell 0.4 % to $1,252.25.

Gold prices rose further to hit a fresh high on Tuesday and were poised for their best month in 14 years, as fears of a potential US government shutdown and growing expectations of further US interest rate cuts boosted demand for the safe-haven metal. Spot gold was up 1% at $3,869.75 per ounce. Bullion has risen 11.4% so far in September, on track for its best month since August 2011. US gold futures for December delivery gained 0.4% to $3,872. Spot silver was steady at $46.95 per ounce, platinum eased 0.2% to $1,597.58, and palladium fell 0.8% to $1,259.02.

Legal Perspective To promote international trade, there is a great need for financial guarantees to support exports and imports. In this respect, the International Chamber of Commerce’s (ICC) “Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees” (URDG 758) and the United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit (ISDGP) are both giving international guidelines for guarantees. The UN endorsed the “URDG 758” in 2011 to promote a kind of clarity, predictability, sustainability and great harmonisation in international trade. Both are relating to guarantees, one for "demand" guarantees whereas the other for "independent" guarantees. While the URDG 758 rules have been developed and published by the ICC with the intention to promote and to specify rules for "demand" guarantees, needed for international trade purposes. With this understanding in mind, we say that the UN Convention is intended as an international convention for "independent" guarantees and standby letters of credit. To explain more, we take the opportunity to highlight some features of the URDG and the UN Convention. The URDG 758 rules govern demand guarantees, which are forms of financial security used in international trade to ensure performance or payment. The current edition, URDG 758, came into force on 2010. The UN endorsed the URDG 758 in 2011 with the aim of harmonising international trade law and at the same time to remove all legal obstacles to enhance international trade. The URDG 758 mainly aims to provide clarity, precision, and predictability in demand guarantee practices. Regarding the ISDGP, we can say that, this is an international convention created by the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The Convention, provides a legal framework for independent guarantees and standby letters of credit, which are also common in international trade frequent transactions. The UN Convention and the URDG often cover similar areas and are sometimes used in conjunction or in comparison to one another; the two resemble the two sides of the coin. Harmonisation is taken as a relationship and significance to both, the URDG and the UN Convention enable them to work towards harmonising trade practices and laws related to guarantees in their different shapes. The UN's endorsement of the URDG 758 signifies the clear support of the international community for these rules and their role in modernising trade. With reference to application, it is left for the parties to a guarantee who can choose which rules to apply. For the URDG, important to say, the guarantee itself expressly indicates it is subject to the URDG and for them to be applicable. The United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters as UCP and URDG are issued with the aim of developing different international trade relations. The UNICITRAL and the UN endorses ICC Demand Guarantee Rules the “URDG 758, and this endorsement reinforces the ICC mandate of removing legal different obstacles to international trade by actively and progressively modernising procedures and enhancing relative laws and regulations. International trade, deserves all support to promote international ties and peaceful relations between all parts of the world. An “independent” guarantee, like a “demand guarantee”, creates a primary direct obligation for the guarantor, separate from the underlying contract and requires payment upon presentation of a demand. The key difference is that a demand guarantee is a specific type of independent guarantee, where the payment is triggered by a simple written demand by the beneficiary, regardless of the underlying contract's performance. In contrast, other independent guarantees may have more specific conditions for payment that are tied to the main agreement. Dr AbdelGadir Warsama Ghalib is a corporate legal counsel. Email: [email protected]