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Monday, January 19, 2026 | Daily Newspaper published by GPPC Doha, Qatar.

Tag Results for "demand" (38 articles)

Nejoud M al-Jehani, executive director of Strategy & Programmes at the QRDI Council.
Business

Government seen as first customer in Qatar’s innovation drive

The government is positioning itself not only as a regulator but also as the first customer in Qatar’s innovation ecosystem, according to an official of the Qatar Research, Development and Innovation (QRDI) Council.Nejoud M al-Jehani, executive director of Strategy & Programmes at the QRDI Council, said this dual role is critical to building confidence in new technologies and enabling startups and corporates to scale.Al‑Jehani explained at the ‘Ibtechar Majlis’ panel discussion that public institutions must lead by example, adopting innovative solutions to address national challenges. By defining problems clearly and piloting solutions, she emphasised that government entities create demand and demonstrate viability.“Government must be the first customer. When we adopt solutions, we give the market confidence to grow,” al-Jehani told her fellow panellists Eman al-Kuwari, director of Digital Innovation at the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT); Dr Georgios Dimitropoulos, professor and associate dean for Research at the College of Law, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU); and Hissa al-Tamimi, director of Governmental Innovation Department at the Civil Service and Government Development Bureau (CGB).Engineer Nayef al-Ibrahim, co-founder and CEO of Ibtechar, moderated the discussion, which explored the development of a Public Innovation Lab (PIL) ecosystem that would help to improve efficiency, service delivery further, and encourage greater citizen participation.During the discussion, al-Jehani also underscored the importance of government adoption in shaping the innovation landscape, signalling to entrepreneurs and investors that “new technologies are credible and worth pursuing.”Beyond adoption, al-Jehani emphasised the enabling role of government - setting standards, operating partnerships, and ensuring regulatory frameworks evolve alongside technology. She said, “Our role is not only to regulate but to enable - by setting standards, opening partnerships, and creating space for collaboration.”According to al-Jehani, this approach helps create a fertile environment where startups, corporates, and researchers can collaborate with confidence. She noted that it also ensures that innovation is not confined to internal reform but extends across the ecosystem, creating value for society at large.Al-Jehani’s statements were also complemented by al-Kuwari, who described how the Tasmu Innovation Lab provides controlled sandboxes for testing emerging technologies before full rollout.Al-Tamimi, meanwhile, highlighted the role of government accelerators in embedding an innovation culture and improving Qatar’s standing in global innovation rankings. Similarly, Dimitropoulos stressed the importance of academia-government collaboration in building credibility and accelerating the adoption of advanced technologies.

A passenger aircraft takes off from an airport in Virginia. A structural mismatch between airline demand and manufacturing capacity is expected to persist until at least 2031-2034, according to the International Air Transport Association.
Business

Aircraft shortage structural bottleneck for global aviation industry

Aircraft availability remains one of the most significant constraints on aviation industry’s growth, globally.A structural mismatch between airline demand and manufacturing capacity is expected to persist until at least 2031-2034, according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA).Although deliveries of new aircraft began to pick up this year and production expected to accelerate in 2026, demand is forecast to outstrip the availability of aircraft and engines.The global trade body of airline says the normalisation of the structural mismatch between airline requirements and production capacity is unlikely before the 2031-2034 period due to irreversible losses on deliveries over the past five years and a record-high order backlog.The current high order backlogs and persistent supply chain issues mean the constraint on aviation growth will likely be a hallmark of this decade.Delivery shortfalls now total at least 5,300 aircraft, while the order backlog has surpassed 17,000 aircraft, a number equal to almost 60% of the active fleet—this backlog is equivalent to nearly 12 years of the current production capacity, IATA noted recently.In turn, the average fleet age has risen to 15.1 years (12.8 years for aircraft in the passenger fleet, 19.6 years for cargo aircraft, and 14.5 years for the wide-body fleet), and aircraft in storage (for all reasons) exceed 5,000 aircraft, one of the highest levels in history despite the severe shortage of new aircraft.Due to the lack of new deliveries, various airlines are often forced to operate older, less fuel-efficient aircraft for longer, which increases operational costs (fuel and maintenance) and slows progress on environmental targets.Airlines are unable to add new routes or frequencies and, in some cases, are forced to cut existing services.Growth plans get delayed often, connectivity is reduced, and secondary or developing markets are often hit first.“Airlines are feeling the impact of the aerospace supply chain challenges across their business,” noted IATA’s Director General Willie Walsh.“Higher leasing costs, reduced scheduling flexibility, delayed sustainability gains, and increased reliance on suboptimal aircraft types are the most obvious challenges. Airlines are missing opportunities to strengthen their top-line, improve their environmental performance, and serve customers.“Meanwhile, travellers are seeing higher costs from the resulting tighter demand and supply conditions. No effort should be spared to accelerate solutions before the impact becomes even more acute.”As production bottlenecks continue, new challenges and impacts are being revealed such as delivery delays being compounded by several factors such as airframe production outpacing engine production, longer timelines for new aircraft certification (from 12-24 months to four or even five years), tariffs on metals and electronics resulting from US-China trade tensions, and a shortage of skilled labour, especially in engine and component manufacturing, constraining production ramp-up plans.IATA says fuel efficiency improvements are also slowing as the fleet ages. Historically, fuel efficiency improved by 2.0% per year, but this slowed to 0.3% in 2025 and is projected at 1.0% for 2026.A recent study by IATA and Oliver Wymann estimated that the cost to the airline industry of supply chain bottlenecks will be more than $11bn in 2025, driven by four main factors of excess fuel costs, additional maintenance costs, increasing engine leasing costs, and surplus inventory holding costs.To help expedite solutions, the study points to several considerations such as opening up aftermarket best practices by supporting Maintenance, Repair and Operations (MRO) to be less dependent on Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) driven commercial licensing models, as well as facilitating access to alternative sourcing for materials and services.It also recommends enhancing supply chain visibility to spot risks early, using data more extensively in leveraging predictive maintenance insights, and expanding repair and parts capacity to accelerate repair approvals.Already, the global aviation industry is under pressure to meet demanding net-zero carbon emissions targets by 2050. The high cost and limited availability of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) make this a significant challenge requiring massive investment.The structural mismatch is not a temporary hiccup, industry analysts say.IATA’s forecast is that the supply-demand imbalance will persist for the rest of the decade, with a return to normalcy unlikely before 2034.Clearly, the problem's resolution is hindered by the sheer scale of the backlogs and the time required to address deep-seated issues within the aerospace manufacturing ecosystem.Generally, reduced air connectivity affects tourism, trade, cargo flows and business travel, with knock-on effects on economic growth, particularly for aviation-dependent economies.Limited aircraft availability acts as a structural bottleneck for the aviation industry — restricting growth, raising costs, weakening reliability, and slowing sustainability progress — at a time when global air travel demand continues to recover and expand! 

Alex Macheras
Business

How aviation is coping with relentless travel demand in 2025

By 2025, global travel demand is no longer a surprise. What is striking is not that people are travelling in large numbers, but where that demand is concentrating and how consistently aviation has managed to absorb it. Passenger volumes are high, sustained, and increasingly predictable in their peaks. The industry’s challenge today is not stimulating demand, but managing it efficiently across a network that is under constant pressure.The world’s busiest travel destinations this year are shaped by a combination of tourism strength, economic gravity, diaspora flows, and hub connectivity. In many cases, aviation has adapted well. In others, the stress points are becoming clearer, not because airlines lack aircraft or ambition, but because infrastructure, airspace, and labour are finite.Europe remains one of the most heavily trafficked regions, but the pattern of demand has evolved. London, Paris, Rome, Barcelona, and Amsterdam continue to dominate international flows, yet they now operate in a permanently constrained environment. Heathrow’s traffic volumes are consistently high across the year, not just during summer peaks. Airlines have adjusted by prioritising higher-density aircraft, carefully timed banks, and slot-efficient scheduling. Growth exists, but it is incremental, squeezed into margins rather than expanded wholesale.Southern Europe is where the pressure is most visible. Spain and Italy are among the busiest leisure markets of 2025, with Madrid, Barcelona, Rome, and Milan supported by a constellation of secondary airports handling unprecedented volumes. Málaga, Alicante, Palma de Mallorca, Venice, Naples, and Florence are all operating at or near seasonal capacity for extended periods. Aviation has responded pragmatically: upgauging aircraft, extending operating hours, and redistributing demand into shoulder seasons where possible. The constraint is no longer airlift, but airport throughput and local tolerance for visitor density.In the Middle East, demand patterns reflect the region’s role as a global connector combined with a growing ability to generate point-to-point traffic. Doha stands out not because of sheer scale, but because of operational control. Hamad International Airport continues to handle a high proportion of connecting passengers while steadily increasing inbound tourism volumes. The airport’s single-terminal design and coordinated airline scheduling allow it to manage growth without the congestion seen at older hubs. Qatar’s success in converting transfer traffic into stopover and destination demand has added resilience, reducing dependence on pure transit flows.Istanbul occupies a different position. It is both a destination and a hub, and its growth reflects that dual role. Turkish Airlines’ expansive network continues to funnel traffic from Africa, Central Asia, and secondary European cities through Istanbul Airport. The airport’s scale allows it to absorb growth that would overwhelm smaller hubs, though peak-hour congestion is becoming more visible. Aviation has coped well so far, but future growth will depend on airspace efficiency and continued coordination between airport and airline.Asia-Pacific presents some of the most intense demand concentrations of 2025. Bangkok remains one of the busiest leisure destinations in the world, with passenger volumes driven by short-haul regional travel and long-haul arrivals from Europe and North America. Tokyo has seen sustained international traffic, particularly from the United States, as premium leisure and business travel remains strong. Singapore continues to function as a high-efficiency hub, balancing transit flows with destination demand through tight slot management and consistent service standards.India is one of the most consequential markets shaping global aviation this year. Delhi and Mumbai are experiencing relentless demand across domestic and international segments, driven by economic growth, diaspora travel, and expanding long-haul connectivity. Aviation has largely kept pace through higher frequencies, larger aircraft, and the gradual emergence of international services from secondary Indian cities. Infrastructure expansion is underway, but demand continues to test the system, particularly during peak travel windows.In North America, the busiest destinations are less about tourism concentration and more about network gravity. New York, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Dallas, and Chicago continue to dominate passenger flows, while leisure-heavy markets such as Orlando, Las Vegas, and Miami sustain high volumes year-round. The US aviation system has managed demand through scale, but reliability remains a concern, driven by air traffic control shortages and weather-related disruptions. The issue is not capacity in the air, but consistency on the ground and in the airspace.Latin America is experiencing steady growth without the same degree of congestion seen elsewhere. Mexico City, Cancún, São Paulo, and Bogotá are handling increased volumes from North America and Europe, while secondary cities are appearing more frequently on long-haul route maps. Aviation here has adapted through measured expansion, balancing demand with infrastructure limitations and economic volatility.What unites these markets is not uniform growth, but concentrated demand. Passengers are travelling in large numbers to a relatively small set of global cities and regions. Aviation has responded with flexibility rather than brute expansion. Airlines are deploying long-range narrowbodies to serve thinner long-haul markets, allowing capacity to be right-sized. Airports are investing in automation, biometric processing, and redesigned passenger flows to increase throughput without physical expansion.On the whole, aviation has coped better than many expected. Aircraft availability has improved, airline planning has become more data-driven, and network design is increasingly sophisticated. The real constraints now lie outside the airline balance sheet. Runways, airspace, staffing, and political approval processes define how far growth can go.The busiest travel destinations of 2025 illustrate an industry operating close to its limits, but not beyond them. Demand is immense, sustained, and geographically concentrated. Aviation has adapted not by chasing volume indiscriminately, but by optimising what already exists. The next phase will depend less on adding flights and more on how intelligently the system manages where people want to go.The author is an aviation analyst. X handle: @AlexInAir. 

A gas torch is seen next to the Lukoil company sign at the Filanovskogo oil platform in the Caspian Sea, Russia. Russian export revenues hit their lowest in November since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the IEA said.
Business

IEA lowers 2026 oil glut forecast for first time since May

Surplus to reach 3.84mn bpd in 2026, down 250,000 bpd from last monthSupply growth forecast lowered on sanctions disruptionsBrighter macroeconomic outlook supports demand, IEA saysParallel markets of ample crude but tight fuel markets to continueThe International Energy Agency trimmed its forecast of next year's global oil supply glut for the first time since May on Thursday, flagging higher demand prospects due to a stronger world economy and lower supply from nations under sanctions.Oil prices have been under pressure for months due to predictions from the IEA, which advises industrialised countries, and other analysts of a looming glut.Global oil supply will exceed demand by 3.84mn barrels per day, according to figures from the Paris-based IEA's latest monthly oil market report, down from a 4.09mn bpd surplus estimated in November.A surplus of almost 4mn bpd is still equal to almost 4% of world demand and is at the higher end of analysts' predictionsSupply rose sharply this year boosted by output hikes from the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its partners — a group known as Opec+ — as well as growth in the US and other producers.Opec+ has now paused output increases for the first quarter of 2026.The IEA revised up its global oil demand growth forecasts for this year and next due to an improving macroeconomic outlook and with "anxiety about tariffs having largely subsided".World oil demand is expected to rise in 2026 by 860,000 bpd, up 90,000 bpd from last month's outlook, the IEA said. It raised its 2025 forecast by 40,000 bpd to 830,000 bpd."Falling oil prices and the lower US dollar, both currently near four-year lows, act as a further tailwind for oil demand next year," the IEA said, adding that demand growth in 2025 has come almost entirely from non-OECD countries, which are more reliant on macroeconomic conditions.A spate of breakthroughs with US trade deals had helped put economic sentiment back on track after tariff-related tensions hit consumption earlier this year, the IEA said.The agency expects supply growth to be slightly lower than previously anticipated in 2025-2026, as sanctions on Russia and Venezuela hit exports.The IEA expects global oil supply to rise by 2.4mn bpd next year, having last month predicted supply growth of 2.5mn bpd.The IEA revised down its 2025 and 2026 output forecasts for Opec+ producers, largely because of sanctions disruptions.Global oil supply fell by 610,000 bpd on the month in November, the IEA said, on declining output from sanctions-hit Russia and Venezuela.Russian export revenues hit their lowest in November since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the IEA said.The IEA kept its forecasts for non-Opec+ output stable for this year and next on rising production in the Americas, namely the US, Canada, Brazil, Guyana and Argentina.A trend of "parallel markets", where ample crude supply is juxtaposed with tight fuel markets, is likely to persist for some time, it said, amid limited spare refining capacity outside China and EU sanctions on Russian crude-derived fuel exports. 

Gulf Times
Business

Why silver price has been surging even more than gold

Gold has staged a dramatic rally this year as the US Trump administration’s unorthodox economic policies sent investors and central banks reaching for safe-haven assets. Right now, however, it’s silver that’s stealing the spotlight.A squeeze in supply of the precious metal had catapulted it to a 100% gain as of early December, while gold was up 60%. Both have been experiencing a surge in demand from investors seeking to hedge against political turbulence, inflation and currency weakness.Unlike gold, silver isn’t just scarce and beautiful: It also has many useful real-world properties that make it a valuable component in a range of products. With inventories near their lowest on record and investors still scrambling for more, there’s a risk of supply shortages that could impact multiple industries.Silver has soared this year. Who needs silver?Silver is an excellent electrical conductor that’s used in circuit boards and switches, electric vehicles and batteries. Silver paste is a critical ingredient in solar panels, and the metal is also used in coatings for medical devices. Sustained high prices could erode the profitability of industrial users and spur efforts to substitute silver components for other metals.Like gold, silver is still a popular ingredient for making jewellery and coins. China and India remain the top buyers of silver, thanks to their vast industrial bases, large populations and the important role that silver jewellery continues to play as a store of value passed down the generations.Governments and mints also consume large quantities of silver to produce bullion coins and other products. As a tradable asset, it’s much cheaper than gold per ounce, making it more accessible to retail investors, and its price tends to move more sharply during precious metal rallies. What makes the silver market unique? Silver’s varied uses mean its market price is influenced by a wide array of events including shifts in manufacturing cycles and interest rates and even renewable energy policy. When the global economy accelerates, industrial demand tends to push silver higher. When recessions loom, investors can step in as alternative buyers.The market is thinner than with gold. Daily turnover is smaller, inventories are tighter and liquidity can evaporate quickly. The silver stored in London is worth just shy of $50bn, while the gold is worth $1.2tn, though much of both are not available to borrow or buy for investors. For gold, the London market is underpinned by around $700bn of bullion held mostly by the world’s central banks in vaults of the Bank of England. This can be lent out when a liquidity squeeze hits, effectively making the central banks lenders of last resort — but no such reserve exists for silver. Why has silver rallied so much this year? Silver often moves in tandem with gold, but with more violent price moves. After the yellow metal surged in the early months of 2025, some investors pointed to the stretched ratio of prices between the two metals of more than 100-1. Silver’s apparent cheapness relative to gold was enough to encourage some investors to pile into the white metal.Heavy debt loads in major economies such as the US, France and Japan and a lack of political will to solve them also encouraged some investors to stock up on silver and other alternative assets this year, in a wider retreat from government bonds and currencies dubbed the debasement trade.Meanwhile, global silver mine output has been constrained by declining ore grades and limited new project development. Mexico, Peru, and China — the top three producers — have all faced setbacks ranging from regulatory hurdles to environmental restrictions.Global demand for silver has outpaced the output from mines for five consecutive years, while silver-backed exchange-traded funds have drawn in new investment. What was the silver squeeze that hit the market this year? Speculation earlier this year that the US would levy tariffs on silver led to a flood of the metal into vaults linked to the Comex commodities exchange in New York, as traders sought to take advantage of premium prices in that market.That contributed to a dwindling of available silver stocks in London, the dominant spot trading hub. Those stocks were further eroded as more than one hundred million ounces flowed into ETFs backed by physical bullion.With a spike of demand during the Indian festive season in October, the market suddenly seized up. The cost of borrowing silver surged to a record, while prices jumped.That tightness pushed London prices above other international benchmarks, helping to ease the squeeze. Traders are still monitoring for any potential US tariff on silver after the precious metal was added to the US Geological Survey’s list of critical minerals in November. 

Gulf Times
Business

Oil falls marginally; all eyes on upcoming Opec+ meeting

OilCrude futures fell marginally on Friday as investors considered oil's geopolitical risk premium amid drawn-out Russia-Ukraine peace talks, while keeping an eye on Sunday's Opec+ meeting for clues about potential output changes.Brent crude futures settled at $63.20, while US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude finished at $58.55. For the week, Brent rose by 1.0% and WTI rose by 0.8%.The strength of fuel refining profit margins has supported crude demand in some places, but the bearish impact of an expected oil surplus is pressuring prices.Meanwhile, US oil production rose to a record 13.84mn barrels per day in September, an increase of 44,000 bpd, according to the Energy Information Administration, deepening concerns that the market may be heading toward a surplus.  GasAsian spot liquefied natural gas prices hit their lowest level in eight weeks on continued muted demand and high inventories, tracking a drop in European gas prices on hopes of a Ukraine peace deal.The average LNG price for January delivery into north-east Asia was $10.90 per million British thermal units (mmBtu), down from $11.66 per mmBtu last week, industry sources estimated.Weather is going to dictate movements as temperatures have fluctuated but haven't been consistently low enough to generate provincial buyers back to the spot market, analysts said.In Europe, gas prices remained near 18-month lows, driven by news of renewed US-brokered peace efforts between Russia and Ukraine fueling hopes for eased sanctions on Russia. The Dutch TTF price settled at $9.75 per mmBtu, recording a weekly loss of 4.4%. 

Alex Macheras
Business

World’s most unserved routes — and the ones finally coming to life

Air travel has never been more global, yet some of the most obvious city pairs still have no non-stop flights. These gaps persist not because demand is weak, but because distance, aircraft performance, economics, and geopolitics still shape which routes airlines are willing to fly. Some of the world’s most heavily travelled long-haul flows remain entirely one-stop. Others, long ignored, have recently been connected for the first time — and often with immediate success.“Unserved” does not mean “unused”. Many of these city pairs move hundreds of passengers a day via Doha, Dubai, Istanbul, London, Singapore, or Los Angeles. What they lack is a nonstop operation that can be sustained year-round at a commercially acceptable margin. In some cases, the aircraft exist but the risk appetite does not. In others, geopolitical realities or bilateral restrictions make the route impossible. And in many cases, the demand exists but is too fragmented across seasons to support a single ultralong-haul aircraft tied up for 16-18 hours.One of the clearest examples is Cairo–Los Angeles. Egypt and the United States have strong tourism flows, a sizeable diaspora, and rising business links. Yet there is still no nonstop between Cairo and LAX. Passengers instead travel through Europe or the Gulf on itineraries that stretch to 18 hours or more. The issue is not the absence of passengers, but the absence of year-round premium demand that could support the cost of deploying an A350 or 777 on such a long mission.London–Canberra is another intriguing gap. The UK and Australia have never been closer in aviation terms; Qantas now flies nonstop from London to Perth. Yet the national capital, Canberra, still has no direct link to London. Canberra’s runway length, altitude, and relatively modest local catchment limit its viability for an ultralong-haul operation. Sydney is nearby, and passengers overwhelmingly connect through there instead, making point-to-point Canberra a difficult commercial proposition.Asia to South America is full of large unserved flows. Tokyo–Lima is a prime example. The Japanese-Peruvian community is substantial, and trade between the two countries has grown. But the route is too far for current aircraft to operate nonstop without severe payload penalties. Travellers route through the United States or Mexico, adding hours to the trip.India also has significant long-haul gaps. São Paulo–Delhi stands out as one of the most important missing connections between two major emerging-market economies. The traffic exists, but it is fragmented across Europe, the Gulf, and Africa. No airline has yet found the right combination of aircraft, schedule, and connecting feed to justify the nonstop. Mumbai–Los Angeles is another example. Despite the strong commercial and cultural ties between India and the West Coast of the United States, the route remains unserved. It is within the range of the 777-200LR or A350-900, but ultralong-haul flights require consistently strong premium demand, and Indian carriers have historically focused on more established long-haul markets.In Southeast Asia, Jakarta–Los Angeles remains one of the most obvious missing nonstops. Indonesia is the region’s largest economy, and Los Angeles is a major gateway for Pacific Rim travel. Yet carriers still route passengers through Tokyo, Seoul, Taipei, or the Gulf because no airline has the right long-haul fleet mix or network structure to support a dedicated service.While some major gaps remain, the last decade has seen formerly unserved routes become commercially viable for the first time. Technology, network sophistication, and changing demand patterns have created new possibilities.New York–Auckland is perhaps the clearest example. For years, the route was dismissed as too far and too thin. Today, both Air New Zealand and Qantas operate it with modern long-range aircraft, supported by a combination of premium leisure traffic and strong connecting markets at both ends.Perth–London went through a similar evolution. The idea of a nonstop “Kangaroo Route” was discussed for decades, but only became feasible when Qantas deployed the 787-9 in a low-density configuration and invested in connecting flows via Perth. The route has become one of the airline’s most successful long-haul launches.Doha–Auckland, one of the world’s longest commercial flights, redefined what a Gulf hub could support. Qatar Airways connected New Zealand directly to a vast network spanning Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. By aggregating multiple mid-sized flows rather than relying solely on point-to-point traffic, the airline turned a theoretical route into a consistent performer.Africa has also seen long-ignored routes return. Lagos–Washington Dulles sat unserved for years, with travellers connecting through Europe or the Middle East. United Airlines has now launched a nonstop service, demonstrating how a strong hub on the US side can make West Africa more accessible without a stop. Meanwhile, São Paulo–Johannesburg, withdrawn when South African Airways restructured, has been relaunched by LATAM, restoring a direct link between South America and southern Africa.These examples show how quickly the map can change once aircraft technology improves and an airline with the right network sees an opportunity. The A350, 787, and 777-200LR have opened possibilities that were once beyond reach. The next generation — including the A350-900ULR variants and long-range narrowbodies — will push the limits further.But the world’s unserved routes persist for reasons that technology alone cannot solve. Geography matters. Ultralong-haul flights tie up expensive aircraft for long periods, magnifying the financial impact of any delay or operational disruption. Demand profiles matter too. Many of the world’s largest indirect markets have strong economy-class flows but weaker year-round premium yields, which makes nonstop service unviable. And geopolitics can be decisive; airspace restrictions in Russia or parts of the Middle East add hours of flying time and alter the economics of east–west long-hauls.Many of today’s major unserved routes will eventually launch as aircraft improve and markets mature. Others may remain one-stop indefinitely, not because of a lack of desire from travellers, but because even the most advanced aircraft cannot change the underlying economics of global aviation.The author is an aviation analyst. X handle: @AlexInAir. 

US stocks graph
Business

US stocks’ strong December history seen tested by AI malaise

A year-end rally in US stocks seemed like a lock a few weeks ago amid relentless demand for AI-linked shares, solid earnings and a history of seasonal strength. Now Wall Street isn’t so sure.The S&P 500 Index has gained 1.5% in December on average since 1945, trailing only November’s performance, data compiled by CFRA Research show. But with the US equities benchmark still on pace for a loss this month — even after Monday’s rally — the whole notion of seasonality is being called into question, especially with traders still jittery about artificial-intelligence valuations.Investors continue to show signs of wariness, with demand for hedges against losses in Big-Tech stocks near the highest since August 2024. And after three consecutive weeks of stock-market turbulence, the VIX Index is sitting above the 20 mark that typically signals mounting market stress.“Seasonality is always an investor’s friend, however it’s important to remember it’s not absolute,” said Dan Greenhaus, chief economist and strategist at Solus Alternative Asset Management LP.The S&P 500 rose 1.5% to 6,705.12 on Monday after Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller indicated support for an interest rate cut next month. The benchmark gauge is still down 2% this month and is on track for its first monthly drop since April. That compares with a long-term gain of 1.5% in November, per CFRA Research data.Ed Yardeni of eponymous firm Yardeni Research said the S&P 500 is unlikely to reach 7,000 by year-end, which would represent a roughly 4% gain from current levels, largely due to some profit-taking in AI-related stocks. At Roth Capital Markets, chief market technician JC O’Hara called for maintaining a cautious approach on stocks in a note Sunday.“Uncertainty on AI payoffs and upside rate risk will likely limit how much the market can rally into year-end,” said Dennis Debusschere, chief market strategist at 22V Research.While past performance overwhelmingly favours a year-end rally, investors are grappling with a murky backdrop marked by slowing economic growth, heavy spending on AI by American tech behemoths and division at the Fed about the pace of further rate cuts.Investors placed the odds of a cut at the December 9-10 policy meeting at about 70% on Monday after Waller advocated for easing next month. Still he said that a flood of delayed economic data to be released after the December gathering could make the January decision “a little trickier.”On the AI front, meanwhile, lofty valuations, circular financing deals, and sky-high expectations for growth have stoked skittishness around a potential bubble. The worries were highlighted last week when robust earnings from AI darling Nvidia Corp spurred big swings across equities rather than placating those concerns.Positioning data is also flashing mixed signals about what traders can expect in the remainder of 2025. A Deutsche Bank AG measure of equity exposure turned underweight last week for the first time since July, data compiled by the bank’s strategists including Parag Thatte show. But for mega-cap growth and technology shares, outperformance relative to the average stock is still at the top of its long-run trend channel despite the pullback, “leaving them vulnerable,” according to Thatte.For optimists, history skews in their favour against all of the nerves. Whenever the S&P 500 rose at least 10% from early January through September but declined in November — like currently — December followed with gains each and every time going back to 1950, according to data from JPMorgan Chase & Co’s trading desk.“We remain tactically bullish,” JPMorgan’s head of global market intelligence Andrew Tyler told clients in a November 24 note, citing resilient macroeconomic data, positive earnings growth, and a thawing trade war. “Additionally, historical seasonality stats also suggested a rebound.”

Travellers in Terminal B of LaGuardia Airport in the Queens borough of New York. Fewer US travellers are due to fly over the upcoming holidays later this month, with demand also looking shaky, as a record US government shutdown and concerns about the economy weigh on would-be flyers.
Business

US airlines may see weaker holiday traffic amid shutdown fallout

Fewer US travellers are due to fly over the upcoming Thanksgiving holidays later this month, with Christmas demand also looking shaky, as a record US government shutdown and concerns about the economy weigh on would-be flyers. Consumers’ appetite for air travel during the usually busy Thanksgiving week, slowed down significantly as the budgetary impasse lingered on and are now down 3.3% compared with a year ago, according to data released on Monday by Cirium, an aviation analytics firm.That contrasts with the 2% increase seen at the end of October. The gloomy outlook comes as travel was rebounding from a slowdown earlier this year, when consumers skipped flying amid concerns over the economy. Bookings for Christmas travel are also below expectations. They are down 0.4% compared to last year, according to Cirium. The firm collected the data, which reflects almost half a million bookings, on November 14, two days after the end of the 43-day shutdown.Cirium said the data was indicative of a trend as it was “based on a sample of data from online travel agencies and not the airlines themselves.” Airlines cancelled more than 11,000 flights over the past week, when the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered carriers to shave off schedules to keep air travel safe. The dropped flights added to delays from fatigued air traffic controllers working without pay. Delta Air Lines Inc said the shutdown will have a significant impact on earnings amid cancellations and a slowdown in holiday bookings from wary customers worried about getting stranded during Thanksgiving. “We had a little over 2,000 cancellations. You can’t make that up within the quarter. So, yes, there was an impact,” Delta’s Chief Executive Officer Ed Bastian said Wednesday.The shutdown-related disruptions will slash about $400mn from airlines’ operating income, the amount of sales left after expenses, according to Conor Cunningham, an analyst with Melius Research LLC. Airlines responded to the FAA-mandated cuts with the same playbook they use for snowstorms.They re-accommodated passengers on same-day alternative flights, issued refunds and adjusted their schedules. Other cost-inflating decisions were made, including flying aircrafts with some extra fuel in the tank, in case of diversions or longer wait times to land, as seen in previous shutdowns.United Airlines Holdings Inc and Delta selectively preserved hub-to-hub flights while scrubbing regional service. “The regional airlines bore the brunt of the cancellations as their major airline partners sought to minimise passenger inconvenience and revenue impact from the flight cuts,” Michael Linenberg, an analyst with Deutsche Bank AG, said in a report. Regional carrier SkyWest Inc, which partners with United, Delta, American Airlines Group Inc and Alaska Air Group Inc had about 11% of its flights cancelled, compared with an average 6.5% for the industry in the past week, Linenberg said.

Chinese 100 yuan banknotes are seen in a counting machine at a branch of a commercial bank in Beijing (file). Financial institutions recorded an expansion of 219bn yuan of new loans in the month, also worse than expected, with growth in the outstanding stock of loans to the real economy reaching a record low.
Business

China sees worst credit growth in a year as demand dries

China’s credit expansion was the weakest in more than a year last month, dragged down by slower government bond sales and sluggish borrowing demand across the economy.Aggregate financing, a broad measure of credit, increased 815bn yuan ($115bn) in October, according to Bloomberg calculations based on data released by the People’s Bank of China on Thursday. That’s the lowest level since July 2024 and well short of the 1.2tn-yuan forecast by economists in a Bloomberg survey.Financial institutions recorded an expansion of 219bn yuan of new loans in the month, also worse than expected, with growth in the outstanding stock of loans to the real economy reaching a record low.Government bond issuance has recently slowed compared with a year ago, as authorities brought forward sales earlier in 2025. Another factor at play for credit growth is seasonal, since banks are usually not in a rush to meet their lending targets at the beginning of each quarter.“Disappointing as the October credit report is, we don’t expect it to push the People’s Bank of China to loosen its key policy levers any further this year. But the PBoC remains in an easing cycle and will probably keep liquidity conditions supportive for growth. Given the weakness in the economy, we see it delivering fresh easing in the first quarter of next year,” says David Qu, Bloomberg Economics.The disappointing reading came despite the boost from the rollout of funding provided under China’s new policy financing tool, which is worth 500bn yuan. It underlined just how sluggish borrowing demand has become in the face of weak consumer and business confidence.Companies were reluctant to borrow for investment or expansion, as mid- and long-term corporate loans only expanded 31bn yuan, less than a fifth the level a year ago.Household mid-and long-term loans, a proxy for mortgages, contracted again, in a sign consumers continue to shy away from home purchases.Taken together, additional borrowing by households so far this year was the smallest since the global financial crisis in 2008.“Weak mortgage demand remains a major drag on credit growth,” said Leah Fahy, China economist at Capital Economics. “It’s also clear that the subsidies for consumer loans launched at the start of September haven’t put a floor under household demand.”Banks struggling to find borrowers are increasingly doling out fake loans to clients in order to meet government-set targets for credit, Bloomberg News has reported.For now, China’s central bank has signalled it remains patient with the continued slowdown in credit growth, saying it’s natural as the economy transitions away from old growth drivers. That guidance has led to reduced expectations for further interest rate cuts by the end of this year.Looking ahead, analysts at Barclays Bank see faster sovereign debt sales offering more support toward the end of the year and into 2026. “Government bond issuance could gain pace in the coming months,” they said.

Gulf Times
Business

The International Energy Agency expects continued growth in oil and gas demand until 2050

The International Energy Agency (IEA) announced that global demand for oil and gas may continue to rise until 2050, marking a departing from its previous forecasts that had predicted a faster shift toward clean fuels.The Agency, headquartered in France, said in its World Energy Outlook 2025 report that oil demand could reach 113 million barrels per day by mid-century, an increase of 1 3% compared to 2024 levels. It added that global energy demand is expected to rise by 15% by 2035 under the current policies scenario, which assumes the continuation of existing government measures without factoring in more ambitious climate goals.The report also pointed to a significant potential increase in liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, with around 300 billion cubic meters of additional export capacity to be added by 2030. This would expand the market from 560 billion cubic meters in 2024 to more than one trillion cubic meters by 2050, driven by growing demand in sectors such as artificial intelligence and data centers.The IEA further projected that investments in data centers could reach USD 580 billion in 2025, surpassing global annual spending on oil, which currently stands at around USD 540 billion.

Demonstrators hold posters during a protest demanding the government take action to reduce air pollution in New Delhi on November 9, 2025. (AFP)
International

Delhi protesters demand action on pollution

Dozens of protesters rallied in New Delhi Sunday to demand government action on toxic air, as a thick haze containing dangerous microparticles shrouded the Indian capital. Parents in the crowd brought their children, who wore masks and waved placards, with one reading: "I miss breathing".New Delhi with its sprawling metropolitan region of 30mn residents is regularly ranked among the world's most polluted capitals.Acrid smog blankets the skyline each winter, when cooler air traps pollutants close to the ground, creating a deadly mix of emissions from crop burning, factories and heavy traffic.Levels of PM2.5 - cancer-causing microparticles small enough to enter the bloodstream - sometimes rise to as much as 60 times the UN's daily health limits."Today I am here just as a mother," said protester Namrata Yadav, who came with her son."I am here because I don't want to become a climate refugee."Sunday, PM2.5 levels around India Gate, the iconic war memorial where protesters had assembled, were more than 13 times the World Health Organisation's recommended daily maximum.**media[379467]**"Year after year, it is the same story but there is no solution," said Tanvi Kusum, a lawyer who said she had come because she was "frustrated"."We have to build pressure so that the government at least takes up the issue seriously."Piecemeal government initiatives have failed to make a noticeable impact.These included partial restrictions on fossil fuel-powered transport and water trucks spraying mist to clear particulate matter from the air."Pollution is cutting our lives," said a young woman who claimed to be "speaking for Delhi" and refused to share her name.**media[379459]**A study in The Lancet Planetary Health last year estimated that 3.8mn deaths in India between 2009 and 2019 were linked to air pollution.The United Nations children's agency warns that polluted air puts children at heightened risk of acute respiratory infections.As the sun set into the smog-covered skyline, the crowd of protesters appeared to swell before police bundled several activists into a bus, seizing their placards and banners, arguing they did not have a permission to protest there.One of them, half-torn, read: "I just want to breathe".