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Wednesday, May 27, 2026 | Daily Newspaper published by GPPC Doha, Qatar.

Tag Results for "summit" (164 articles)

Gulf Times
Qatar

Doha becomes hub of innovation, culture, and economy in Nov

Qatar is experiencing an unprecedented wave of cultural, economic, and sports activities in November, as Doha prepares to host a series of international conferences, exhibitions, festivals, and championships, highlighting its position as a regional hub for innovation, sustainability, and excellence.From Sustainability Week to the World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE), FIFA U-17 World Cup Qatar 2025, Doha Film Festival, and Qatar International Exhibition For Travel and Tourism, the events cover sectors such as sports, economy, health, education, and culture, reflecting Qatar's vision of promoting international dialogue and supporting sustainable development.Nov 1-7: Qatar Sustainability Week led by Earthna, 10th edition of Qatar Sustainability Week will highlight sustainability efforts.Nov 3-27: FIFA U-17 World Cup Qatar 2025 Qatar is set to host its third global tournament under the supervision of FIFA, after it has been awarded the hosting rights for the FIFA U-17 World Cup November 4-8: KIDS EXPO 2025 Under the theme "Our Children are the Greatest Treasure," the second edition of the Expo will be held to raise awareness about children's rights.Nov 5-8: Qatar Boat Show 2025 Held at the Old Doha Port, the second edition of Qatar Boat Show 2025 will combine heritage, luxury, and innovation in yachting.Novr 11-13: Qatar Medicare 2025 Qatar Medicare stands as Qatar's first International Healthcare and Medical Trade Exhibition and Conference, convening an extensive network of healthcare stakeholders.Nov 17-19: Rowad 2025 Conference Under the theme "Beyond Boundaries: Scaling, Sustaining, and Succeeding," Rowad Entrepreneurship Conference 2025 is considered the most influential event in the State of Qatar's entrepreneurship sector. This year's edition will focus on the requirements for international growth and expansion beyond local markets.Nov 20-22: 17th Gulf Heart Association Conference The conference will cover numerous topics of advanced and general cardiology. It aims to bring together leading experts, researchers, and healthcare professionals to share knowledge and research on all aspects of heart disease prevention, diagnosis, and management.Nov 20-23: 5th Qatar Taekwondo Open Championships The Championship will bring together international athletes.Nov 20-28: Doha Film Festival Doha Film Festival upports talent, promots cultural dialogue, and showcases innovative visions.Nov 24-25: 12th World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE) The 12th edition of the World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE 12) centers around the theme "Humanity.io: Human Values at the Heart of Education." WISE 12 aims to deepen discussions on the purpose of education and its pivotal role in serving humanity.Nov 24-26: Qatar International Exhibition For Travel and Tourism 2025 (QTM 2025) QTM 2025 is a prominent platform in the field of travel and tourism, bringing together leading global destinations to showcase the latest trends in sports tourism, conferences and exhibitions tourism, business and cultural tourism, and leisure tourism.Nov 25-26: MWC Doha 2025 MWC25 Doha is the first-ever edition of the GSMA's MWC Series to be held in the Middle East and North Africa. The event marks a key milestone in positioning Qatar as a regional hub for digital innovation and transformation.The conference will explore three key themes: AI Nexus, focusing on the role of artificial intelligence in powering innovation; Intelligent Economies, centered on secure digital infrastructure and next-generation networks; and Connected Industries, highlighting the growing impact of emerging technologies on daily life and economic systems.Nov 27-29: 6th International Primary Health Care Conference (IPHCC Qatar 2025) The Conference brings together specialists, policymakers, and researchers to exchange knowledge and best practices in the field of primary health care.Nov 28-30: 2025 FIA Formula One World Championship It is one of the season's most anticipated races.This vibrant calendar underscores the State of Qatar's commitment to solidifying its position on the global events map, attracting international expertise, and affirming its leadership in building a future driven by innovation and knowledge.

Gulf Times
Sport

Lusail Circuit to host Global Race Track Summit & Awards

Lusail International Circuit (LIC) has been confirmed as the official host circuit for the inaugural edition of CIRCUIT – The Global Race Track Summit & Awards, set to take place from February 16-18, 2026 in Doha. As one of the world’s most advanced and architecturally striking motorsport venues, Lusail Circuit provides the ideal stage for an event dedicated to the future of global motorsport infrastructure. The summit will unite circuit promoters, designers, architects, engineers, investors, and operators from around the world, all driven by a shared mission: to shape the next evolution of motorsport venues. CIRCUIT serves as a global platform for these professionals to network, exchange ideas, and celebrate excellence in race track design, operations, and innovation. Supported by former Formula 1 driver David Coulthard and his global events company, Whisper Group, CIRCUIT will deliver a world-class production experience, combining storytelling, insight, and spectacle in equal measure. Over three days, the event will feature networking sessions, a global conference, and an investment forum, culminating in the Global Race Track Awards, which will celebrate excellence in design, operations, innovation, and guest experience across every level of motorsport venue worldwide. The announcement reinforces Qatar’s growing leadership in international motorsport and reflects LIC’s continued commitment to driving global collaboration, innovation, and excellence within the industry. Abdulaziz Ali al-Mohannadi, CEO of Lusail International Circuit, said: “LIC has always been more than a venue, it is a symbol of Qatar’s vision for the future of motorsport. We are honoured to welcome the world’s leading circuit professionals and to play a central role in defining the next generation of race track development.” Chris James, Founder & CEO of CIRCUIT, added: “CIRCUIT exists to bring together the global motorsport venue community, the people who design, build, and run the places where the world comes to race. Lusail International Circuit is the perfect home for that story, a symbol of progress, precision, and the ideal partner as we shape the next evolution of motorsport venues. I wish to thank the President Abdulrahman bin Abdullatif al-Mannai and the CEO Abdulaziz Ali al-Mohannadi of Lusail International Circuit for their vision, belief, and commitment to helping bring this global gathering to life.”

HE Sheikh Jassim bin Mansour bin Jabor al-Thani
Qatar

All set for hosting Web Summit Qatar in less than 100 days

The Permanent Web Summit Qatar Organising Committee announced that preparations are complete for hosting the third edition of the global event in Qatar, set to take place in less than 100 days. The summit will bring together leaders, experts, entrepreneurs and investors in technology and innovation from around the world. The upcoming edition is expected to witness record participation, welcoming over 30,000 attendees from more than 120 countries, alongside 1,500 startups, 700 investors and 600 media representatives, making it the largest edition in the history of Web Summit Qatar. HE Sheikh Jassim bin Mansour bin Jabor al-Thani, Director of the Government Communications Office (GCO) and Chairman of the Permanent Web Summit Qatar Organising Committee, said: "The first two editions of Web Summit Qatar were pivotal in cementing the country’s position on the global technology stage. They drew record participation from startups, investors and experts from around the world, and highlighted Qatar’s advanced infrastructure, technological capabilities and organisational excellence, establishing it as a preferred destination for major international events." HE Sheikh Jassim added: "We are building on the success achieved in the 2024 and 2025 editions through meticulous preparations for the third edition, which we aim to make the most outstanding in terms of experience, content and international participation. This reflects the rapid evolution of Qatar’s innovation ecosystem and reinforces the nation’s leading role in advancing the global dialogue on the future of technology and entrepreneurship." He reaffirmed Qatar's commitment to providing an exceptional experience for participants and visitors, reflecting the nation's advanced infrastructure, skilled national talent and strong coordination among all relevant entities. He expressed his aspiration for this edition to be the largest and most impactful yet, aligning with the Qatar National Vision 2030 and strengthening Qatar's position as a global hub for innovation and entrepreneurship. Web Summit Qatar serves as a key platform for governments, companies, innovators and investors to explore the digital economy and the future of technology. Hosting the third edition continues Qatar’s success in organising two exceptional editions that cemented its position as a regional and global centre for innovation and entrepreneurship. Preliminary indicators show that startups from more than 60 countries have confirmed their participation in the summit, underscoring Qatar's growing status as an attractive destination for startups from around the world. The previous edition of the summit saw the participation of 228 Qatari startups out of a total of 1,520, marking a 140% increase compared to the inaugural edition of the global event and reflecting the nation’s growing support for entrepreneurship and technological innovation. Web Summit Qatar plays an active role in supporting startups and helping them advance their entrepreneurial journeys. Among the companies that have expanded following their participation in previous editions are Be My Sense, EnergyX and One Connect, which established a presence in Qatar through the Qatar Financial Centre, expanding their operations across the region. Chex also secured promising opportunities for growth after meeting leading regional accelerators during the summit. Ahmed El Abed, co-founder and CEO of Be My Sense, which develops technological solutions for individuals with hearing disabilities, said that Web Summit Qatar 2025 was a turning point for his company. The summit enabled him to secure support from Qatar Development Bank and the Qatar Business Incubation Centre, expanding his company’s global partnerships. Meanwhile, Sean Park, co-founder and CEO of EnergyX, stated that his participation in the summit led to investment announcements exceeding $100mn in the GCC over the next five years, in addition to registering his company with the Qatar Financial Centre to support regional expansion. Hosting Web Summit Qatar 2026 reflects Qatar's commitment to advancing its innovation ecosystem and promoting a knowledge-based economy in line with Qatar National Vision 2030. It reinforces the nation’s position as a global platform that brings together creative minds and opens new horizons for collaboration and partnerships in the technology sector. Web Summit Qatar is the regional edition of the world's largest technology event. It aims to strengthen cooperation among governments, companies, innovators and investors, and to showcase the latest global trends in digital transformation, entrepreneurship and emerging technologies. The summit serves as a strategic platform for Qatar to reaffirm its position as a leading centre for innovation and technology in the Middle East. (QNA)

Novo Nordisk Qatar, under Ebn Sina Medical Company hosted the second edition of ACT Summit (Advancing Cardio-Metabolic Treatment) in Doha on October 17 and 18.
Business

Novo Nordisk and Ebn Sina Medical host second ACT Summit in Qatar

Following the “remarkable” success of the inaugural ACT Summit held in Dubai in May, Novo Nordisk Qatar, under Ebn Sina Medical Company hosted the second edition of ACT Summit (Advancing Cardio-Metabolic Treatment) in Doha on October 17 and 18.Ebn Sina is a subsidiary of Aamal Company.The two-day scientific summit gathered over 350 healthcare professionals specialised in obesity and diabetes management from more than 12 countries, including Qatar, other GCC countries, Pakistan, Iraq, and Kazakhstan.The event focused on addressing the pressing issues surrounding cardiovascular kidney metabolic complications of Type 2 diabetes and obesity, emphasising the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient outcomes and improve long-term weight loss; glycaemic control and the complications of obesity and diabetes; and exploring the role that the semaglutide therapies may play in combating these diseases.Renowned healthcare Professionals from Qatar and worldwide including Germany; USA; Canada and Italy shared cutting-edge insights into emerging treatment strategies and the importance of continuity of care in obesity starting from adolescence to adulthood, clinical innovations, and new models of integrated care.Manvendra Singh, General Manager, Novo Nordisk Qatar, stated:“ACT Summit reinforces Novo Nordisk’s commitment to advancing cardio-metabolic education and empowering healthcare professionals with the latest scientific insights. Hosting this event in Doha reflects Qatar’s growing role as a regional hub for medical excellence and collaboration.“As Qatar and the region continue to face high rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, ACT Summit is vital. Together, we are committed to strengthening the healthcare landscape and improving patient outcomes through innovative, science-driven solutions.Rashid al-Mansoori, CEO, Aamal Company added: “I am pleased to take part in this important summit and address a distinguished audience from the medical sector. We are proud that Aamal’s subsidiary Ebn Sina Medical, continues to partner with leading global innovators like Novo Nordisk.“The ACT Summit 2 demon-strates our shared dedication to elevating medical education and supporting Qatar’s vision of improving public health outcomes.”Throughout the two-day event, participants engaged in plenary discussions, case-based learning, and interactive workshops exploring the interconnection between obesity, diabetes, and cardio-renal complications.The summit concluded with a shared call to action — to advance integrated care and accelerate collaborative solutions to reduce the regional burden of cardio-metabolic diseases.

HE the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al-Thani chairs the Cabinet's regular meeting at the Amiri Diwan.
Qatar

Cabinet lauds Amir's contributions to peace

HE the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al-Thani chaired the Cabinet's regular meeting, held on Wednesday morning at the Amiri Diwan.Following the meeting, HE the Minister of Justice and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs Ibrahim bin Ali Al Mohannadi stated the following:At the outset of the meeting, the Cabinet commended the participation of His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani in the Sharm El Sheikh Summit for Peace, which was held on Monday in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. During the summit, His Highness participated in the signing ceremony of the agreement to end the war in Gaza, along with the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, the President of the Republic of Turkiye, and the President of the United States of America.The Cabinet emphasized that His Highness's participation in the summit was the culmination of the State of Qatar's efforts, along with its partners, to end the war in the Gaza Strip and the suffering of its residents, and in adherence to its firm stance in support of the rights of the fraternal Palestinian people.The Cabinet voiced hope that the outcomes of the Sharm El Sheikh Summit for Peace would contribute to accelerating practical steps toward implementing the two-state solution and establishing an independent Palestinian state on the June 4, 1967, borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.The Cabinet extended its congratulations to His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani on Qatar's qualification for the 2026 World Cup finals.The Cabinet also congratulated the Qatari people, the national team, and its technical and administrative staff on this historic sporting achievement, which is proudly added to the country's list of achievements in various fields. It wished the team success in the upcoming stages of the tournament.On the other hand, the Cabinet voiced its sincere condolences to the families of the deceased Amiri Diwan employees who passed away while on duty in Sharm El Sheikh, praying for mercy for them, to inspire their families and loved ones with patience and solace, and a speedy recovery for the injured.The Cabinet then considered the topics on its agenda, where it decided to approve a draft law on international treaties and agreements, and refer it to the Shura Council. The draft law, which was prepared by the Ministry of Justice in light of Article 68 of the Constitution, aims to establish the general framework for regulating the procedures for concluding and joining international agreements and treaties, activating the roles of the competent authorities and clarifying the competencies, enhancing transparency and legal oversight, harmonizing national legislation with international obligations, and strengthening the state's position in its international relations.The Cabinet also approved a draft Amiri Decision on procedures for concluding international treaties and agreements and cooperation agreements in administrative and technical fields. The draft decision, prepared by the Ministry of Justice in coordination with the Council of Ministers Secretariat General, aims to establish executive procedures for the draft law on international treaties and agreements, define procedures for signing and joining, assign roles and responsibilities, strengthen mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of concluded agreements, and achieve maximum benefit from them in accordance with the purposes for which they were concluded.The Cabinet decided to join the agreement concluded under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, a draft memorandum of understanding (MoU) for cooperation in the field of diplomatic training between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Diplomatic Institute) and the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania (Diplomatic Academy), a draft MoU for cooperation in the health field between the government of the State of Qatar and the government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a draft agreement between the State of Qatar and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the transfer of convicts, and a draft MoU in the field of academic cooperation between the University of Doha for Science and Technology in the State of Qatar and Ankara University in the Republic of Turkiye.The Cabinet concluded its meeting by reviewing four reports and taking appropriate decisions regarding them. These include: the two annual reports for the years (2023, 2024) of the Permanent Committee for Industrial Area Affairs, the first semi-annual report for 2025 of the Permanent Water Resources Committee (PWRC), the national periodic report of the Ministry of Culture on the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions for the period (2020-2024), and a report on the results of the 11th meeting of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Ministers of Labour Committee (Kuwait - September 2025).

Gulf Times
Qatar

Amir hopes summit results will lead to just solution for Palestinian cause

His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani expressed his hope that the positive results from the Sharm El Sheikh Peace Summit will meet the aspirations of the people in the Gaza Strip and contribute to a comprehensive and just solution for the Palestinian cause.In a post on his official X account, His Highness the Amir voiced happiness with the positive outcomes of the Sharm el-Sheikh Peace Summit. He expressed hope that these results would serve as a starting point for more future agreements that fulfill the hopes of the people in Gaza and lead to a comprehensive, just, and sustainable resolution of the Palestinian cause, looking forward to all parties committing to the common understanding that has been reached, for the good of everyone.

Gulf Times
Qatar

Amir meets several heads of state, government

His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani met Monday with a number of leaders of nations and heads of government and delegations participating in the Sharm El Sheikh Peace Summit, at the International Convention Centre in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. His Highness the Amir held separate meetings with King Abdullah II ibn al-Hussein of Jordan, French President Emmanuel Macron, Pakistan Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and UAE Vice-President, Deputy Prime Minister, and Chairman of the Presidential Court Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed al-Nahyan. During the meetings, they exchanged views on the most important topics on the summit's agenda, particularly those related to reaching an agreement to end the war in Gaza, the flow of humanitarian aid to the Strip, and supporting peace and security in the region. They also discussed ways to support and strengthen co-operation and relations within the international community across various fields. The meetings were attended by HE the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim al-Thani, HE the Chief of the Amiri Diwan Abdullah bin Mohammed al-Khulaifi, and a number of members of the official delegation accompanying His Highness the Amir.

Gulf Times
Qatar

Amir attends agreement signing ceremony

His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani participated in the signing ceremony of the agreement ending the war in Gaza, alongside President of the Arab Republic of Egypt Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, President of the President of the United States of America Donald Trump.The ceremony took place in the presence of Their Majesties, Highnesses, and Excellencies heads of states, governments, and delegations taking part in the Sharm El Sheikh Peace Summit, held at the Sharm El Sheikh International Convention Center, in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.HE the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim al-Thani and HE Chief of the Amiri Diwan Abdullah bin Mohammed al-Khulaifi attended the signing ceremony, alongside a lineup of members of the official delegation accompanying His Highness the Amir, members of the accompanying official delegations, representatives of regional and international organizations, and guests of the summit.

US President Donald Trump gives a thumbs up while boarding Air Force One, as he departs for Israel, at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, US, on Sunday. REUTERS
Region

Trump departs US for Israel, Egypt

US President Donald Trump headed on a high high-stakes trip to Israel and Egypt Sunday, after saying it would be a "very special" moment for efforts to end the Gaza war.Air Force One took off from Joint Base Andrews near Washington in light rain, AFP reporters said. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and CIA chief John Ratcliffe were also on the plane, the White House said.

Palestinians collect aid parcels from aid trucks in Khan Yunis in the southern Gaza Strip Sunday
Region

Peace summit Monday to map Gaza’s future

More than 20 world leaders to attendMediators to ink guarantee documentCaptives, prisoners to be freed MondayA Gaza ceasefire was holding for a third day Sunday, ahead of a proposed hostage-prisoner exchange and a summit aimed at charting a path to peace after two years of war.US President Donald Trump is among the more than 20 world leaders expected in Egypt's Red Sea resort town of Sharm El-Sheikh Monday for the Gaza peace summit co-hosted by his Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. But neither Israel or Hamas will attend.Among those expected to attend are UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Jordan's King Abdullah II, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, French President Emmanuel Macron and his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan.Trump is due to arrive in Israel Monday to address the Knesset, the parliament, before traveling to Sharm El Sheikh for the summit.Egypt has said 21 nations will take part, with representation also expected from the EU and Arab League, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Pakistan, Indonesia, India and Germany, among others.Iran also said it received an invitation, but did not indicate whether it would attend.The mediating nations for the ceasefire deal in Gaza are to sign a document guaranteeing the agreement at the summit, a diplomatic source said."The signatories will be the guarantors -- (the) US, Egypt, Qatar and likely Turkiye," the diplomat said, after the Egyptian foreign ministry earlier said a document ending the war in Gaza was expected to be signed during the gathering.Israel expects all hostages held in Gaza to be freed early Monday, a spokeswoman for the prime minister's office said, adding that all surviving captives are to be released simultaneously."The living hostages are to be released together at one time to the Red Cross and transported among six to eight vehicles," Shosh Bedrosian told journalists.The initial stage of the ceasefire deal includes the release of 48 Israeli hostages in exchange for 250 Palestinian prisoners and 1,700 Gazans held by Israel since the war broke out.An Israeli official said the Palestinian prisoners would be "released once Israel has confirmation that all of our hostages are across the border into Israel".A Hamas source close to the group's negotiating committee told AFP Sunday that it would not participate in governing post-war Gaza.More than 200 trucks carrying aid destined for Gaza, including six diesel fuel trucks and five carrying cooking gas, were unloaded Sunday at the Kerem Shalom crossing with the Palestinian territory.Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians poured back into a shattered Gaza City after the guns fell silent.

Palestinians flash the V for victory sign as they make their way to Gaza City through the so-called 'Netzarim corridor' from Nuseirat in the central Gaza Strip Saturday.
Region

Gaza deal implementation meet likely Monday

The United States and Egypt's top diplomats reviewed preparations for a summit in Sharm El-Sheikh that will bring the two countries' presidents together with other leaders to discuss implementing the first phase of a Gaza ceasefire deal, likely Monday.US President Donald Trump and his Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah al-Sisi are expected to lead the summit, Egypt's Foreign Ministry said in a statement Saturday.Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Friday discussed arrangements for the gathering, including for "international participation in the Sharm El-Sheikh summit, as well as preparations for the implementation of the first phase of the (ceasefire) deal".Alongside the US and Qatar, Egypt has played a key role in mediating talks that eventually led to the latest ceasefire deal.French President Emmanuel Macron is set to travel to Egypt on Monday to back the deal, the Elysee Palace said, while Spain's Pedro Sanchez and Italy's Giorgia Meloni are also expected to attend.Earlier Trump had said he would meet a "lot of leaders" in Egypt on Monday to discuss the future of devastated Gaza.Israel has agreed to the truce plan put forward by Trump, and on Friday pulled troops back from several areas of Gaza, setting the clock in motion for hostages held by Hamas to be released within 72 hours.The head of the US Central Command (CENTCOM) said Saturday he visited Gaza to discuss post-conflict stabilization and insisted no US troops will be deployed to the Palestinian territory.Admiral Brad Cooper wrote on X that he just returned from a trip to Gaza to discuss creation of a CENTCOM-led "civil-military coordination center" which will "support conflict stabilization."Meanwhile, Israel has begun transferring prisoners to two jails ahead of their release as part of the Gaza ceasefire deal.Under the truce deal Israel is supposed to release 250 prisoners, including some serving life sentences. In exchange, Hamas has until Monday to hand over its 48 remaining Israeli hostages -- living and dead.

Gulf Times
Region

Trump plans summit on Gaza during Egypt visit next week

US President Donald Trump plans to convene world leaders for a summit on Gaza during his visit to Egypt next week, Axios reported on Friday, citing four sources with knowledge of the matter.Among those expected to participate are representatives from Qatar, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Indonesia, Axios said, citing the sources.