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A year-end rally in US stocks seemed like a lock a few weeks ago amid relentless demand for AI-linked shares, solid earnings and a history of seasonal strength. Now Wall Street isn’t so sure.The S&P 500 Index has gained 1.5% in December on average since 1945, trailing only November’s performance, data compiled by CFRA Research show. But with the US equities benchmark still on pace for a loss this month — even after Monday’s rally — the whole notion of seasonality is being called into question, especially with traders still jittery about artificial-intelligence valuations.Investors continue to show signs of wariness, with demand for hedges against losses in Big-Tech stocks near the highest since August 2024. And after three consecutive weeks of stock-market turbulence, the VIX Index is sitting above the 20 mark that typically signals mounting market stress.“Seasonality is always an investor’s friend, however it’s important to remember it’s not absolute,” said Dan Greenhaus, chief economist and strategist at Solus Alternative Asset Management LP.The S&P 500 rose 1.5% to 6,705.12 on Monday after Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller indicated support for an interest rate cut next month. The benchmark gauge is still down 2% this month and is on track for its first monthly drop since April. That compares with a long-term gain of 1.5% in November, per CFRA Research data.Ed Yardeni of eponymous firm Yardeni Research said the S&P 500 is unlikely to reach 7,000 by year-end, which would represent a roughly 4% gain from current levels, largely due to some profit-taking in AI-related stocks. At Roth Capital Markets, chief market technician JC O’Hara called for maintaining a cautious approach on stocks in a note Sunday.“Uncertainty on AI payoffs and upside rate risk will likely limit how much the market can rally into year-end,” said Dennis Debusschere, chief market strategist at 22V Research.While past performance overwhelmingly favours a year-end rally, investors are grappling with a murky backdrop marked by slowing economic growth, heavy spending on AI by American tech behemoths and division at the Fed about the pace of further rate cuts.Investors placed the odds of a cut at the December 9-10 policy meeting at about 70% on Monday after Waller advocated for easing next month. Still he said that a flood of delayed economic data to be released after the December gathering could make the January decision “a little trickier.”On the AI front, meanwhile, lofty valuations, circular financing deals, and sky-high expectations for growth have stoked skittishness around a potential bubble. The worries were highlighted last week when robust earnings from AI darling Nvidia Corp spurred big swings across equities rather than placating those concerns.Positioning data is also flashing mixed signals about what traders can expect in the remainder of 2025. A Deutsche Bank AG measure of equity exposure turned underweight last week for the first time since July, data compiled by the bank’s strategists including Parag Thatte show. But for mega-cap growth and technology shares, outperformance relative to the average stock is still at the top of its long-run trend channel despite the pullback, “leaving them vulnerable,” according to Thatte.For optimists, history skews in their favour against all of the nerves. Whenever the S&P 500 rose at least 10% from early January through September but declined in November — like currently — December followed with gains each and every time going back to 1950, according to data from JPMorgan Chase & Co’s trading desk.“We remain tactically bullish,” JPMorgan’s head of global market intelligence Andrew Tyler told clients in a November 24 note, citing resilient macroeconomic data, positive earnings growth, and a thawing trade war. “Additionally, historical seasonality stats also suggested a rebound.”

Wall Street’s risk machine didn’t break this week — Friday’s rebound spared it. But it flinched. And in doing so, it revealed how fragile the current market cycle has become. The shift was subtle, then sudden. For weeks, the riskiest trades in finance — crypto, AI stocks, meme names, high-octane momentum bets — had been slipping. On Thursday, that slow-motion retreat snapped. The Nasdaq 100 sank nearly 5% from its intraday peak, its sharpest reversal since April. Nvidia Corp at one point shed nearly $400bn despite beating earnings expectations.Bitcoin hit a seven-month low. Momentum names dropped in near-perfect sync. It was a vivid reminder of how easily pressure can cascade through crowded trades, and how markets powered by momentum and retail enthusiasm can buckle without warning. There was no obvious trigger. No policy shift. No data surprise. No earnings miss. Just a sudden wave of selling, and an equally abrupt recovery. What rattled investors wasn’t just the scale of the moves, but their speed, and what that speed suggested: A momentum-driven market, prone to synchronised swings and fragile under strain. “There are real cracks,” said Nathan Thooft, chief investment officer at Manulife Investment Management, which oversees $160bn. “When you have valuations at these levels and many assets priced for near perfection, any cracks and headline risks cause outsized reactions.” Thooft began paring back equity exposure two weeks ago, reducing exposure to equity risk in tactical portfolios from overweight to neutral as volatility picked up. He now sees a market that’s splintering, not with a single story, but with “plenty to cheer about for the optimists and plenty of worries for the pessimists.”The numbers are hard to ignore. Bitcoin is down more than 20% in November, its worst month since the 2022 crypto crash. Nvidia is heading for its steepest monthly decline since March. A Goldman Sachs index of retail-favoured stocks has fallen 17% from its October high. Volatility has surged. Demand for crash protection has returned. But the most visible tremors, and perhaps the most amplified, are playing out in crypto. The selloff in Bitcoin has mirrored the fall in high-beta stocks, strengthening the case that crypto is now moving in lockstep with broader risk assets.The short-term correlation between Bitcoin and the Nasdaq 100 hit a record earlier this month, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Even the S&P 500 showed unusual synchronicity with digital assets. “There is perhaps an investor base — the more speculative and more levered segment of retail investors — that is common to both crypto and equity markets,” wrote JPMorgan strategist Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou, noting that blockchain innovation underpins a growing bridge between the two spheres.Ed Yardeni tied part of Thursday’s equity drop to Bitcoin’s plunge, calling the connection too tight to dismiss. And billionaire investor Bill Ackman offered his own comparison — claiming that his stake in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac effectively acts as a kind of crypto proxy. That dynamic — in which digital tokens rise and fall alongside speculative equities — tends to fade in quiet markets, only to return in moments of stress. “Like the Rockettes, they all dance in lockstep,” said Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist at CFRA. “Bitcoin is a representative of the risk-on, risk-off sentiment on steroids.” While some claim crypto is leading the downturn, the case is thin. Institutional exposure is limited, and the asset’s price action tends to be more sentiment-prone than fundamental. Rather than setting the tone, crypto may simply register market stress in its most visible — and visceral — form: A highly leveraged, retail-heavy barometer where speculative nerves show first.Other explanations for febrile stock trading are technical: Volatility-linked funds shifting exposure, algorithmic flows tipping thresholds, options positioning unwinding. But all point to the same conclusion: In a crowded market, even small tremors can cascade. Thursday’s sharp reversal only magnified that anxiety. The so-called fear gauge, the VIX, spiked to its highest level since April’s “Liberation Day” selloff. Traders rushed to buy crash protection. Adrian Helfert, chief investment officer at Westwood, was among those who had already begun repositioning in recent weeks, adding tail-risk hedges in anticipation of a regime shift. The crypto slump reinforces the broader retreat from risk assets, he said. “Investors are viewing it less as a safe haven and more as a speculative holding to shed as market fear rises, leading to deleveraging and rapid ‘despeculation’ across high-risk segments,” Helfert said. “This is reinforcing the move away from risk assets.”Even Nvidia’s blowout earnings couldn’t hold the line. Despite topping expectations, the AI heavyweight fell sharply during the week, underscoring the broader pressure on tech valuations. The Nasdaq 100 notched its third straight weekly loss, shedding about 3%. Retail flows into single-name stocks also flipped negative for the week, according to JPMorgan estimates. And though the market bounced Friday — following dovish comments from New York Fed President John Williams — the rebound did little to erase the deeper sense of unease.All of it points to a retreat from the frothiest parts of the market, where AI exuberance, speculative positioning, and cheap leverage have powered much of this year’s gains — and where conviction is now harder to find. And until recently, crash protection was difficult to justify. Risk assets had rallied hard since May, and those betting against the boom had repeatedly been burned. But now, even long-time bulls are looking over their shoulders. “A lot of folks who have done well are right now discussing 2026 risk budgets, and obviously AI concerns are top of mind,” said Amy Wu Silverman, head of derivatives strategy at RBC Capital Markets. “A number of investors I have spoken with have wanted to hedge for a while. We jokingly call them the ‘fully invested bears.’”

With US stocks in the midst of a grim month, investors will look in the coming week for signs of strength in the US consumer with Black Friday putting the spotlight on the holiday shopping season. The rally in stocks has stalled in November, with the benchmark S&P 500 declining more than 4% so far during the month.Strong quarterly results from semiconductor giant Nvidia Corp failed on Thursday to calm markets, which have been rattled by concerns about elevated valuations and questions about returns on massive corporate investments in artificial intelligence infrastructure.Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of US economic activity, will now come under Wall Street's microscope. The trading week will be interrupted by the Thanksgiving holiday on Thursday, followed by Black Friday, known for ushering in discounts, then Cyber Monday and holiday shopping promotions heading into year end.Recent readings have shown a slump in consumer sentiment, while other data has been missing due to the government shutdown. This could make any signals about holiday spending more significant than usual. "From a sentiment standpoint, the early reads we get on Black Friday and Cyber Monday, due to the lack of data we have, will be important," said Chris Fasciano, chief market strategist at Commonwealth Financial Network. "The entirety of the holiday shopping period will be an important read for where we are with the consumer and what that means for the economy."While the S&P 500 remains up 11% year-to-date, it has declined just over 5% from its late October all-time high. The Cboe Volatility index on Thursday posted its highest closing level since April. Stock market performance could factor into how consumers spend over the holidays, particularly those with higher incomes who are more invested in equities.Despite the recent wobble, the S&P 500 has soared over 80% since its latest bull market began just over three years ago. "If you get a pullback there, a lot of the wealth in the upper income is in the stock market... so it will be interesting to see if they spend like they have in the past," said Doug Beath, global equity strategist at the Wells Fargo Investment Institute.This month, the National Retail Federation said it expected US holiday sales to surpass $1tn for the first time. Still, that November-December forecast equated to growth of between 3.7% and 4.2% from the year-earlier period, slower than the 4.3% growth in 2024.Household balance sheets are "in a very strong place," yet slowing employment growth could pressure holiday spending, said Michael Pearce, deputy chief U.S. economist at Oxford Economics. "The most important factor for consumer spending is the health of the labour market," Pearce said. Data from the delayed monthly employment report released on Thursday showed US job growth accelerated in September.But the unemployment rate increased to a four-year high of 4.4%. Persistently firm inflation, with import tariffs contributing to higher prices, also could weigh on spending, Pearce said. Holiday shopping is critical for retailers.Walmart on Thursday raised its annual forecasts in a signal of confidence heading into year end. Reports from other retailers during the week were mixed. Another read on the consumer will come with Tuesday's release of US retail sales for September.That report has been delayed along with other government releases because of the 43-day federal shutdown that ended earlier this month. The influx of pent-up data in the coming weeks could further ramp up volatility for investors as they assess the economy's health and prospects that the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates at its December 9-10 meeting.Following the September jobs report, which will be the last monthly employment release before the next Fed meeting, Fed funds futures late on Thursday reflected a 67% chance the central bank would hold rates steady in December after quarter-point cuts in each of the prior two meetings. Morgan Stanley economists said on Thursday they no longer expected the Fed to ease in December but they project three cuts in 2026. "The policy rate path remains highly data-dependent," the Morgan Stanley economists said in a note. "In our view, a mixed report means the committee will want to see more data before taking another step."

By conventional indicators, the valuation of technology stocks has risen this year to take them into bubble territory. Valuations that reached multiples of forward earnings scarcely seen before indicated that they were priced for perfection. So a fall in valuations since mid-October was not a surprise.This dip may reflect caution and profit-taking. It may presage a bigger fall, or it may be a pause in a long bull market accompanying the AI revolution. The indicators are not all pointing in the same direction.So far, the stock market slide is just a correction. Markets fell in the first week of November. They nudged upwards in the week commencing Monday 10th, but then fell at the end of the week. The market as a whole remains at elevated levels compared with April, when there was a drop associated with President Donald Trump’s announcement on tariffs. To take just one example: Nvidia fell around 10% in the first week of November, but it was still around 60% higher than it was just six months earlier. The S&P 500 dipped to 6,700 on 14 November, which compares with a high of 6,920 but a low of 4,835 over the previous 12 months, and remains nearly 70% higher than November 2022. The dominance of large technology companies in aggregate market valuations has become pronounced. By the end of October, while the S&P had risen through most of the year, during that period some 397 of the stocks actually fell in value. Eight of the 10 biggest stocks in the S&P are tech firms. They account for 36% of the entire US market value, and 60% of the gains since April.Palantir Technologies, a business applications software specialist, reached a peak valuation of 230 times future earnings. In early November, it was revealed that prominent hedge fund manager Michael Burry took a $912mn position against Palantir, whose stock has fallen from over $200 per share to around $170, though remains more than 150% higher over the year. Mr Burry later closed his hedge fund Scion Asset Management.There has been an uneven pattern to the sell-off, following earnings reports in late October. Meta, the owner of Facebook, fell 12% over concern of its high investment levels in AI, given disappointing returns from its investment in virtual reality, though has recovered slightly. Alphabet, the owner of Google, rose 3%, though has since dipped by around 5%, and Microsoft fell by just 3%, then fell further before a partial recovery.Unlike the dotcom start-ups of 25 years ago, the tech firms have strong revenues and a sound business model. Their services extend far beyond AI, covering business application software and cloud computing. In the case of Amazon, it is a general retailer as well as a tech firm. A strong argument is that much of the investment in AI is from large, profitable companies with a strong cash position.The hyper-scalers, Amazon, Meta, Alphabet and Microsoft, all have strong underlying global businesses. The scale of the investment in data centres being planned has caused some investors to be concerned, however. Some tech firms have been issuing bonds; for example, in late October Meta announced a $25bn bond issuance to finance AI investment, following Oracle’s $18bn bond sale in September. In early November, yields on big tech firms’ bonds started to rise. Oracle’s stock suffered bigger falls in the middle of November, with investors concerned over debt, heavy reliance on OpenAI, negative free cash flow. It emerged that the outgoing CEO Safra Catz sold $2.5bn of Oracle shares this year.Also, 10 loss-making AI specialist start-up companies have between them been valued at nearly $1tn, while there have been patterns of circular financing, especially concerning OpenAI.Another dimension is that there is softening economic data from the wider economy. With the US government lockdown entering its second month, there has been no official jobs data since 5 September. Analysts and economics have been relying on private sources. Data from the private company Challenger, Gray and Christmas showed the highest level of October job lay-offs since 2003, while the payroll company ADP reported that US companies shed 32,000 jobs in September, the biggest fall in two and a half years.Earnings from mainstream businesses have disappointed. The stock of the popular restaurant chain Chipotle fell 13% in late October following disappointing quarterly results.The price of bitcoin has been unpredictable in recent weeks. It often rises in a counter-cyclical manner, increasing as stock market falls, but cryptocurrencies generally were off their highs at the time of the wider market correction. Bitcoin fell from around $125,000 on 7 October to just below $100,000 by mid-November. Many bitcoin investors are leveraged, and some forced, automated sales are likely to have occurred, accelerating and drop in price. Gold has fallen from a high of $4,400 per ounce to around the $4,100.The AI investment industry is one of the few sectors to be registering growth, so if technology firm leaders fall short of their ambitions, the impact would ripple outside the industry.Against that, the bearish commentators point to the relatively narrow foundation of asset price investment, and debt and macro-economic fragility in the higher-tariff era, a combination that compares unfavourably with the more benign macro-economic picture of 2000-2001.The emerging technology of AI comes during an extended period of cheap money and globalisation, including of retail investing, and rapid growth of private credit. The worldwide exposure of investors to US stocks are part of a highly inter-connected system. High levels of government debt limit the extent of any fiscal stimulus following a shock. A loss in market value of the same proportion as the dotcom crash would have a far bigger impact on the real economy. The economist Gita Gopinath has estimated that it would cause a loss of $20tn for US households, or 70% of GDP. Foreign investors might lose $15tn.There are two dimensions to risk assessment: Likelihood, and impact. The likelihood of an asset price collapse that is equivalent in proportional terms to that of the dotcoms would not appear to be high, although it is possibility. The impact would be seismic, and felt across the global economy.The author is a Qatari banker, with many years of experience in the banking sector in senior positions.

Some of the year’s most popular emerging-market trades such as betting on the Brazilian real and stocks linked to artificial intelligence are becoming a source of concern as money managers warn of risks from overcrowding.Wells Fargo Securities sees valuations for Latin American currencies — among 2025’s top carry trade performers — as detached from fundamentals. Fidelity International is concerned about less liquid markets in Africa that it sees at risk should global volatility spike. Lazard Asset Management meanwhile is keeping its guard up after early November’s firesale in Asian tech stocks — the worst since April.“Investors are too complacent on emerging markets,” said Brendan McKenna, an emerging-market economist and FX strategist at Wells Fargo in New York. “FX valuations, for most if not all, are stretched and not capturing a lot of the risks hovering over markets. They can continue to perform well in the near-term, but I do feel a correction will be unavoidable.”Such caution isn’t without reason. Many parts of the developing-markets universe look overheated after a heady cocktail of Federal Reserve rate cuts, a softer dollar and an AI boom drove stellar gains. The very flows that propelled the rally are now posing the risk of sudden drawdowns that have the potential to ripple through global sentiment and tighten liquidity across asset classes.A quarterly HSBC Holdings Plc survey of 100 investors representing a total $423bn of developing-nation assets showed in September that 61% of them had a net overweight position in local-currency EM bonds, up from minus 15% in June. A Bloomberg gauge of the debt is on track for its best returns in six years.The MSCI Emerging Markets Index of stocks has risen each month this year through October — the longest run in over two decades. Up almost 30%, the gauge is headed for its best annual gain since 2017, when it rallied 34%. That was followed by a 17% slump in 2018 when a more hawkish than expected Fed, a US-China trade war and a surging dollar took the wind out of overcrowded EM stocks as well as popular carry — in which traders borrow in lower-yielding currencies to buy those that offer higher yields — and local-bond trades.“As we approach year-end, there is a risk that some investors look to take profits on what has been a successful trade in 2025 and that this leads to a rise in volatility in FX markets,” Anthony Kettle, senior portfolio manager at RBC BlueBay Asset Management in London, said in reference to local-currency bonds.Stock traders in Asia this month had a first-hand experience of the risks that come with extreme valuations and crowding, when the region’s high-flying AI shares took a sudden nosedive. While tech stocks sold off globally, analysts have cautioned that the risk in some Asian markets are even more pronounced given the sector’s relatively higher weighting in their indexes.One notable example is South Korea’s Kospi — the world’s top-performing major equity benchmark in 2025, with an almost 70% jump. As volatility spiked, the gauge plunged more than 6% in one session before paring half of the losses by the close. “Positioning in Korea’s AI-memory trade is extremely tight,” said Charu Chanana, chief investment strategist at Saxo Markets in Singapore.Rohit Chopra, an emerging-market equity portfolio manager at Lazard Asset Management in New York, has turned cautious after the tech rout.“From a factor perspective, lower-quality companies have been outperforming higher-quality peers,” he said. “Historically, this divergence has not been sustained, suggesting the potential for a reversal if positioning remains concentrated.”Chopra co-manages the Lazard Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio, which has returned 23% over the past three years, beating 95% of peers, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.Options traders appear to be turning bearish on the Brazilian real, which has delivered carry trade returns of around 30% this year. Three-month risk reversals rose to a four-year high earlier this month.The real is the best example of an asset that has had a good run this year and where positioning has now become crowded, said Alvaro Vivanco, head of strategy at TJM FX. There are renewed fiscal concerns for Brazil, which is another reason to be more cautious, he said.Other Latin American currencies such as Chile’s, Mexico’s and Colombia’s are also “looking a little rich,” said Wells Fargo’s McKenna.The trade-weighted value of the Colombian peso is at the highest in seven years, according to data from the Bank of International Settlements, and is one standard deviation above the 10-year average. The same gauge for the Mexican peso is 1.4 standard deviations above the average.Bonds in some frontier markets also emerged as beneficiaries when a broader investor shift away from US assets gathered pace this year. Asset managers such as Fidelity International are now sounding caution on them.“More concerning to me are trades where a sudden rush for an exit can overwhelm the natural buyer base,” said Philip Fielding, a portfolio manager for Fidelity. Markets such as Egypt, the Ivory Coast or Ghana “can also be illiquid in times of higher volatility,” he added.Fielding is the lead manager for the $538mn Fidelity Emerging Market Debt Fund that has returned about 12% in the past three years, beating 84% of peers, data compiled by Bloomberg show.

Turbulence in technology stocks could ratchet higher in the coming week as investors react to the quarterly report from Nvidia Corp, the world's largest company by market value that is at the heart of Wall Street's artificial intelligence trade. On Thursday, the benchmark S&P 500 equity index gave up gains from earlier in the week, as uncertainty about the economic outlook and path for US interest rates undercut optimism over the end of the longest-ever US government shutdown. Investors remained skittish about vulnerability to technology shares, which stumbled this month on concerns AI exuberance has driven up valuations to expensive levels. With its AI chips, semiconductor giant Nvidia has been a bellwether for the theme that has lifted shares of an array of tech names as well as other companies involved in the vast infrastructure expansion to support AI use. Nvidia is the "epicentre" of the build-out of AI, so its results after the bell on Wednesday will be important to the tech sector as well as areas such as industrials and utilities, said Matt Orton, chief market strategist at Raymond James Investment Management. "If you don't see the growth that I think the market is expecting around Nvidia or the positive commentary that we are likely to get from Nvidia going forward, I think you're going to see more of a dent to those sorts of trades," Orton said. Nvidia shares have soared about 1,000% since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022. This includes a year-to-date gain of nearly 40% that made Nvidia the first company to surpass $5tn in market value last month. That market heft means the stock's moves can sway equity indexes. Nvidia carries an 8% weight in the S&P 500 and a roughly 10% weight in the widely followed Nasdaq 100. **media[381893]** Analysts on average expect the company to post a 53.8% year-over-year rise in fiscal third quarter earnings per share, on revenue of $54.8bn, according to LSEG. Analysts have also been getting more bullish about the company's future performance, with expectations for the company's fiscal 2027 revenue rising 15% since late May to about $285bn currently, according to LSEG data. "The assumptions that the market is making are positive, it's getting priced into the stock, and how the company guides will be very important," said Melissa Otto, head of research at S&P Global Visible Alpha. Investors will also focus on commentary from Nvidia related to demand or spending trends. Capital expenditures from hyperscalers such as Microsoft and Amazon earlier in the reporting season indicated no signs of slowing in the build-out of data centres and other AI infrastructure. "You're not supposed to have any weakness given all the capital spending commitments from various companies," said Jimmy Chang, chief investment officer of Rockefeller Global Family Office. "Demand should still be looking pretty solid in the current environment." Nvidia's report is one of the biggest remaining market catalysts in 2025. The S&P 500 is logging a roughly 15% year-to-date gain, but Wall Street is wary of concerns stocks are in an "AI bubble." Investors appear to be bringing more scrutiny to AI investment announcements, said James Ragan, co-CIO and director of investment management research at DA Davidson. **media[381894]** "We're moving into a stage where investors are going to demand a little bit more proof of concept in terms of what are the returns, what are the cash flows," Ragan said. Aside from Nvidia's results, quarterly earnings from retailers are due in the coming week including from Walmart and Home Depot. There could also be a batch of economic data releases that were delayed during the shutdown. While the S&P 500 tech sector has struggled so far this month, other sectors are logging solid gains in that time, including healthcare, materials and financials. "There's a realisation that for investors, maybe that AI is not the only game in town," Ragan said.

The Muscat Stock Exchange recorded its highest weekly trading volume of the year last week, driven by increased activity in bank stocks and other leading companies, as most public joint-stock companies concluded the release of their preliminary Q3 financial results. Trading value rose to OMR 240.9 million, up from OMR 190.8 million the previous week, marking a 26.2 percent increase. The number of executed transactions also climbed from 19,529 to 25,171. The main index gained 40 points to close at 5,289, while the financial sector index rose by 169 points to 8,923. The industrial sector index added 32 points, and the services sector index increased by 4 points. Meanwhile, the Sharia index declined by 4 points to close at 461. According to trading data released by the Muscat Stock Exchange, the total market capitalization of listed securities fell to OMR 30.596 billion, reflecting weekly losses of OMR 108.5 million, impacted by a drop in the market value of bonds and sukuk, which fell below the OMR 5 billion threshold.During the week, prices rose for 38 securities, while 30 declined and another 30 remained unchanged.

Foreign investors' net investment in South Korean stocks reached its highest level in more than 1 1/2 years last month amid expectations of improved conditions in the chip industry, central bank data showed Wednesday. Offshore investors purchased a net $4.34 billion worth of local stocks in September, marking the largest amount since February 2024, when net investment stood at $5.59 billion, according to the data from the Bank of Korea (BOK). It marked the second consecutive month of net inflows in foreign securities' investment, following $180 million in August. Foreign investors also bought $4.78 billion worth of bonds in September, rebounding from a net selling of $770 million a month earlier. "Foreign investment was focused on the electronics sector amid expectations of better conditions in the semiconductor industry," the BOK said. "The growth in bond investment was driven by rising demand for mid- to long-term bonds." According to the Korea Exchange (KRX), its semiconductor index rose 26.8 %, from 3,780.05 on Sept. 1 to 4,792.07 on Sept. 30, while the benchmark Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) gained 9 % over the same period. The central bank also noted that the Korean won weakened against the US dollar in September, falling to 1,402.9 won from August's 1,390.1 won.

European stocks declined on Tuesday, as trade fears between the US and China resurfaced, and Michelin's shares fell to its lowest level in more than two years after the French tire company cut its annual outlook. The European Stoxx 600 index dropped 0.6 percent, marking its lowest level in about two weeks after a short-lived rally on Monday. The mining sector posted the largest drop among European sectors, down 2 percent. Automakers' shares fell 1.5 percent, and Michelin plunged 9.3 percent. The shares of Germany's automotive parts maker Continental fell 3.7 percent, while Italy's tire maker Pirelli declined 2.1 percent. Meanwhile, Ericsson of Sweden (a telecommunications equipment maker) jumped 12.4 percent.

European shares were flat on Wednesday, with gains in heavyweight healthcare stocks offsetting the decline in the broader market, as investors fretted over a potential delay in the closely-watched US jobs data. The pan-European STOXX 600 (.STOXX), opened new tab held steady at 557.9 points, after posting its third successive monthly gain in September. Local bourses were mixed. Germany's DAX was down 0.5%, while the UK's FTSE 100 climbed 0.2% to an all-time high. Healthcare stocks jumped 2.7%, and Novartis gained 2.8%.

European shares eased on Tuesday as heavyweight energy and healthcare stocks lost ground, while investors weighed the potential impact of a US government shutdown that could delay the release of the closely-watched monthly jobs data. The pan-European STOXX 600 (.STOXX), opened new tab slipped 0.2% to 554.7 points, though set for its third successive monthly gain and a more than 2% gain for the quarter. Heavyweight oil and gas stocks dipped 0.8%, tracking declining oil prices. France's TotalEnergies and the UK's BP fell more than 1% each. Healthcare stocks also shed 0.3%, with Denmark's Novo Nordisk and the UK's AstraZeneca down about 1% each. On the economic data front in Europe, the UK economy grew 0.3% in the second quarter, French preliminary inflation stood at 1.1% in September and German retail sales unexpectedly fell in August. Britain's ASOS slid 11.4%.

European stocks retreated on Thursday under pressure from losses in the healthcare and industrials sectors in early trading, with focus on remarks from a number of Federal Reserve (US central bank) policymakers and data scheduled later in the day to clarify the path of monetary policy.The pan‑European STOXX 600 index fell 0.5 percent to 551.3 points.Most European stock exchanges also opened lower, with both Germany's benchmark index and the UK's FTSE 100 down 0.4 percent.The healthcare stocks index dropped 1.1 percent, with German medical technology firm Siemens Healthineers falling 6 percent.British medical device maker Smith and Nephew also slipped by 1.1 percent.Losses also included the construction and building materials sector, which fell 1.1 percent, and the industrial goods and services sector, down 0.6 percent.