US retail sales increased by the most in 1-1/2 years in March as households boosted purchases of motor vehicles and a range of other goods, the latest indication that economic growth picked up in the first quarter after a false start.
The economy’s enduring strength was underscored by other data yesterday showing the number of Americans filing applications for unemployment benefits dropped to the lowest in nearly 50 years last week.
Fears of an abrupt slowdown in activity escalated at the turn of the year after a batch of weak economic reports.
But those concerns have dissipated in recent weeks amid fairly upbeat data on trade, inventories and construction spending that have suggested growth last quarter could actually be better than the moderate pace logged in the final three months of 2018.
A report from the Federal Reserve on Wednesday described economic activity as expanding at a “slight-to-moderate” pace in March and early April.
The Fed’s “Beige Book” report of anecdotal information on business activity collected from contacts nationwide showed a “few” of the US central bank’s districts reported “some strengthening.”
“Supported by strong labour market conditions and improving wage growth, household spending appears well positioned to increase in the coming months,” said Jim Baird, chief investment officer at Plante Moran Financial Advisors in Kalamazoo, Michigan. “Fears about the softening in the economy were overblown.”
The Commerce Department said retail sales surged 1.6% last month.
That was the biggest increase since September 2017 and followed an unrevised 0.2% drop in February.
Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales would accelerate 0.9% in March.
Retail sales in March advanced 3.6% from a year ago.
With March’s rebound, retail sales have now erased December’s plunge, which had put consumer spending and the overall economy on a sharply lower growth trajectory.
Retail sales last month were probably lifted by tax refunds, even though they have been smaller than in previous years, following the revamping of the US tax code in January 2018.
Excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services, retail sales rebounded 1.0% in March after a downwardly revised 0.3% decline in February.
These so-called core retail sales correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product.
They were previously reported to have decreased 0.2% in February.
Consumer spending accounts for more than two-thirds of economic activity and is being buoyed by a tightening labour market that is driving up wage growth.
A separate report from the Labor Department yesterday showed initial claims for state unemployment benefits dropped 5,000 to a seasonally adjusted 192,000 for the week ended April 13, the lowest level since September 1969.
Claims have now declined for five straight weeks.
Economists had forecast claims would rise to 205,000 in the latest week.
Though the trend in hiring has slowed, job gains remain above the roughly 100,000 needed per month to keep up with growth in the working-age population.
The unemployment rate is at 3.8%, near the 3.7% Fed officials project it will be by the end of the year.
The dollar was trading higher against a basket of currencies while stocks on Wall Street were mixed.
Prices of US Treasuries were up.
March’s strong core retail sales could result in the further upgrading of first-quarter GDP estimates.
Growth forecasts for the first quarter were boosted to around a 2.5% annualised rate on Wednesday after data showed the US trade deficit narrowed for a second straight month in February.
First-quarter growth forecasts have been raised from as low as a 0.5% rate following relatively strong reports on trade, inventories and construction spending.
The economy grew at a 2.2% pace in the fourth quarter.
Another report from the Commerce Department yesterday showed business inventories rose in February and stock accumulation in the prior month was a bit stronger than initially estimated, a potential boost to growth.
Stronger growth in the first quarter will probably not change the view that the economy will slow this year as the stimulus from a $1.5tn tax cut package diminishes and the impact of interest rate hikes over the last few years lingers.
Shoppers carry bags on Market Street in San Francisco. The US Commerce Department said retail sales surged 1.6% last month.
