US Vice-President Mike Pence has unveiled details of plans to build a US Space Force that would become the sixth branch of America’s massive military, saying that the “time has come” to prepare for “the next battlefield”.
President Donald Trump ordered the creation of Space Force in June, arguing that the Pentagon needs it to tackle vulnerabilities in space and assert US dominance in orbit.
Its creation however is not a done deal, as it needs to be approved by Congress, and the concept has met with some scepticism from lawmakers and defence officials who are wary of the cost and added bureaucracy.
However, Pence was unequivocal in presenting the administration’s wish for it to become a reality – preferably by 2020, the end of Trump’s term in office.
“The time has come to write the next great chapter in the history of our armed forces, to prepare for the next battlefield where America’s best and bravest will be called to deter and defeat a new generation of threats to our people, to our nation,” Pence told an audience at the Pentagon.
“The time has come to establish the United States Space Force,” he said, repeating Trump’s call for Congress to invest an additional $8bn in US space security systems over the next five years.
Shortly after Pence’s speech, Trump tweeted: “Space Force all the way!”
The creation of a US Space Force reflects the drastically-changed reality of space’s role in national security.
When president John F Kennedy delivered a speech in 1962 explaining why America was sending men to the moon, he famously said: “There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet.”
However, 56 years later, space plays a vital role in just about every aspect of modern warfare, with many military technologies reliant on a network of sensors and satellites floating in orbit.
Pence said an independent Space Force is essential to counter Russia and China, which are “aggressively” working toward anti-satellite capabilities.
“China and Russia have been conducting highly sophisticated on-orbit activities that could enable them to manoeuvre their satellites into close proximity of ours, posing unprecedented new dangers to our space systems,” he said.
The White House said in a statement that “President Trump knows that space is integral to our American way of life and economic prosperity, and is a vital domain for national defence”.
Currently, the Air Force oversees most space capabilities and there is some push back from officials who worry that the Space Force’s mission would be duplicative and create turf wars.
Given the stakes surrounding building a new branch of the military, the issue is likely to be a political football.
Democratic Senator Brian Schatz said on Twitter that the Space Force “won’t happen”.
No Republican is willing to tell Trump it’s a “dumb idea”, added the lawmaker from Hawaii. “It’s dangerous to have a leader who cannot be talked out of crazy ideas.”
The Pentagon’s existing military branches are: the Navy, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, Army, and Air Force.
Pence outlined a series of steps that the Pentagon will undertake ahead of the creation of the Space Force.
Key among these is the creation of US Space Command, a new organisational body that would draw in members of existing military branches.
The vast US military divides the globe into various commands, such as Central Command in the Middle East or Indo-Pacific Command in Asia, and so a new Space Command would be on an equal footing with these.
It would require a new headquarters and major organisational changes.
The Pentagon sent a report to Congress on Tuesday detailing steps towards meeting Trump’s order.
The document outlines how America’s military is at risk in space due to adversaries pursuing “counter-space” capabilities to neutralise America’s satellites during a conflict, such as by jamming or hacking them.
“It is imperative that the United States adapts its policies, doctrine, and capabilities to protect our interests,” the document states.
Defence Secretary Jim Mattis said this week that Pence is Trump’s “point man” for the Space Force, and Pentagon officials are working closely with his office.
However, just last year, Mattis voiced scepticism on the need to create a separate Space Force.
In a letter to a US congressman, he said that he did “not wish to add a separate service that would likely present a narrower and even parochial approach to space operations”, adding that it would create extra bureaucracy and cost.
On Tuesday, however, the Pentagon chief said he fully supported the idea of creating a new US Space Command.
“We need to address space as a developing, war-fighting domain and a combatant command is certainly one thing that we can establish,” he said.
An attendee holds a space-themed notebook before a speech by Vice-President Pence to announce the Trump administration’s plan to create the US Space Force by 2020, at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia.
