Reuters/Cape Canaveral, Florida
As the clock ticks down to this week’s final space shuttle launch, there is a mounting sense of uncertainty about future US dominance in space.
If all goes according to plan, Friday morning’s launch of shuttle Atlantis on a 12-day mission to the International Space Station will mark the end of an era in the US manned spaceflight programme.
But veteran former astronauts say the space programme is in “disarray” and fear the end of the shuttles could mean a permanent decline in US space leadership as well.
Even one senior Nasa official voiced pointed criticism recently about what he described as “poor policy” and the lack of any coherent leadership from Washington.
The White House and Nasa’s leaders have insisted, however, that America still has a bright future in space.
Nasa is just retooling, officials have said, while adding that the US space agency now plans to use some of the shuttle’s budget to develop spaceships that can travel beyond the space station’s 220-mile-high (354km) orbit, where the shuttles cannot go.
“When I hear people say or listen to media reports that the final shuttle flight marks the end of US human space flight, I have to say ... these folks must be living on another planet,” Nasa administrator Charlie Bolden said last week at a National Press Club luncheon.
Scraping the shuttle also enables Nasa to maintain the space station through at least 2020 - five years beyond original budget projections, officials say.
But what is most troubling to space enthusiasts is the gap between the shuttle’s end and the start of a new programme, with the roll-out of a new generation of spacecraft.
“We’re all victims of poor policy out of Washington DC, both at the Nasa level and the executive branch of the government and it affects all of us,” Nasa’s launch director Mike Leinbach told his team after a final shuttle training run last week.
“I’m embarrassed that we don’t have better guidance. Throughout the history of the manned spaceflight programme we’ve always had another program to transition into,” he said.
Nasa had been planning to return to the moon under a programme called Constellation, but that was quashed due to funding shortfalls. The Obama administration instead called for a flexible approach to exploration that includes visits to an asteroid and eventually a human mission to Mars.
Congress is mired in debates about what type of rocket to build and how much shuttle legacy hardware should be included.
Nasa points to the space station, a $100bn project of 16 nations that was assembled in orbit over the past 11 years, largely by space shuttle crews, as a major achievement.
But with construction complete, Nasa wants to turn over station crew ferry flights to private companies, even though none are expected to be ready to fly until around 2015.
In the meantime, the US will pay Russia to fly its astronauts, at a cost of more than $50mn a seat.
Critics say launch-ready spaceships are a critical component of human space flight.
Without that, the fear is that Russia, increasingly, or China and even Europe may step in to fill the void.
“We’re basically decimating the Nasa human spaceflight programme,” said seven-time shuttle flier Jerry Ross. “The only thing we’re going to have left in town is the station and it’s a totally different animal from the shuttle.”
