“The ‘no’ won’t win. The ‘yes’ camp will win. I’m completely sure of that and I am not worried about what some call Plan B. I’m absolutely convinced,” Santos said in an interview.
The president said he had not been obliged to put the agreement ending the 52-year conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or Farc, to a referendum.
“But a referendum is a democratic thing, it gives much more legitimacy to an agreement like this one. That’s why I insisted there be a referendum,” he said.
The agreement reached in Havana last month after nearly four years of negotiations will be formally signed in the Colombian city of Cartagena on September 26.
But then Colombians must give a thumbs-up to the question: “Do you support the final accord to end the conflict and build a stable and lasting peace?”
If they do, the Farc will have 180 days to demobilise, disarm and relaunch itself as a political party.
The UN has agreed to monitor the process.
If Colombians vote no, “these people will go back to the jungle and we will go back to what we had...when we began,” Santos said.
Recent polls show that nearly 60% of Colombians support the agreement, but it faces tough opposition from critics led by former president Alvaro Uribe, Santos’ onetime boss and now a vehement opponent.
Uribe says a special justice system envisaged for crimes committed during the conflict would give Farc fighters impunity. “I would like to see anyone who committed horrible crimes, crimes against humanity, behind bars,” Santos said. “But I prefer transitional justice so we don’t continue producing more victims.
That transaction isn’t easy to accept for many people, but it is necessary if we want peace.”
Santos said he had expected the victims of the conflict to be the biggest critics of the arrangements for judging rebels, but to his surprise they have been his biggest supporters.
“A perfect peace doesn’t exist because a perfect peace implies a perfect justice system, and a perfect justice system makes peace impossible,” he said.
“This is an imperfect peace but an imperfect peace is always preferable to a perfect war,” he added.
The Farc is the country’s largest guerrilla force with about 7,500 fighters.
It rose up against the state in 1964, starting what is now Latin America’s oldest armed conflict — one that also spawned rightwing paramilitary groups, drug cartels and other armed groups.
A smaller leftist guerrilla group, the National Liberation Army, or ELN, is still active but has indicated it also wants peace talks. “That depends on ELN,” said Santos. “They have sent signals in that direction, and I tell them: ‘Perfect, just free those you have kidnapped’.”
Meanwhile, his government has already negotiated an agenda for peace talks with the ELN, he said.
Santos has staked his presidency on achieving peace in a conflict that has claimed more than 220,000 lives. It has involved a dramatic role change for him.
