Reuters/Amman

People protest against Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad in the city of Suqba on Tuesday. The banner reads: “Need international intervention to protect us from Bashar’s gangs”.
Syrian troops backed by tanks raided houses in the city of Hama yesterday, searching for activists behind five months of protest against President Bashar al-Assad, residents said.
The raids took place a day after security forces killed at least four people among crowds of demonstrators pouring out of mosques in Syria after marking the end of Ramadan, during which Assad intensified a crackdown on protests.
Troops swept through several cities in Ramadan, killing scores of people and triggering Western sanctions and Arab criticism, without crushing the unrest in which the UN says 2,000 civilians have been killed.
The protesters have also failed to unseat Assad, but they have been encouraged by the fall of Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi and rising international pressure on Syria, including a planned European Union embargo on the oil industry, which would disrupt vital inflows of foreign currency at Assad’s disposal.
US President Barack Obama’s administration, which has already imposed sanctions on Syria’s oil industry and a state-owned bank, froze the US assets of Foreign Minister Walid Muallem and two other Syrian officials on Tuesday. 
Hama has seen some of the biggest protests against 41 years of Assad family rule and was the first city assaulted during Ramadan. Authorities said the army withdrew by mid-August, but residents reported a significant military presence yesterday.
“Several light tanks and tens of ... buses parked at Al Hadid bridge at the eastern entrance of Hama. Hundreds of troops then went on foot into Al Qusour and Hamidiya neighbourhoods. The sound of gunfire is being heard,” Abdelrahman, a local activist, said by phone.
“These neighbourhoods have been among the most active in staging protests,” he added.
Another resident said Toyota pick-up trucks mounted with machineguns and buses full of troops also assembled overnight near Al Dahiriya district at the northern entrance of Hama, 205km north of the capital Damascus.
“The people want the execution of the president,” a YouTube video showed dozens of protesters chanting in Hamidiya after night prayers, shortly before the raid on the district.
Most foreign media were expelled from Syria after the uprising began in March, making it hard to verify reports.
Hama, on an agricultural plain on the Orontes River, was the scene of a 1982 massacre by the military, sent by Assad’s father Hafez al-Assad to crush an armed Islamist uprising.
Assad, from Syria’s minority Alawite sect, has repeatedly said force is necessary to defeat what he calls a foreign plot to divide Syria, which is majority Sunni Muslim. Authorities blame armed groups for the violence and say more than 500 soldiers and police have been killed.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), based in Britain, said yesterday 360 civilians had been killed in Ramadan and 113 members of the army and security forces.
“We want permission to investigate those (military) deaths,” SOHR director Rami Abdelrahman said. “Some information says the security forces fired on the army because they refused to open fire (on protesters). Other information says they were killed by gunmen.”
State television aired an audio recording on Tuesday of what it said were two terrorists who revealed “a full agenda of provocation and targeting police and army camps and terrorising peaceful citizens in the name of freedom and non-violence”.
In the northwestern province of Idlib on the border with Turkey, troops shot dead one villager, Hazem al-Shihadi, at a checkpoint overnight near the town of Kfaruma where army defections have increased, activists said.
Around 7,000 Syrian refugees, most of whom had fled army assaults on their towns and villages in Idlib, are housed in six camps in Turkey’s Hatay (Iskenderun) province across the border, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network said in a statement.
It said that while Turkey has treated the refugees well and has kept the border open for refugees from other parts of Syria, Ankara “considers these refugees as ‘guests’, a status that is open to interpretation and lacks the international protection that the UN Commissioner for Human Rights can provide”.
Syrian authorities have said that most of refugees who fled to Turkey, which put their number in excess of 10,000, had returned to their homes in Idlib after troops “cleansed” a main town in the province of “armed terrorist groups”. 
Demonstrations broke out across Syria on Tuesday after prayers to mark the end of Ramadan, notably in Damascus suburbs, the city of Homs, 165km to the north, and Idlib, activists and residents said. They said security forces shot dead four people, including a 13-year-old boy, in the southern Daraa province.
“The people want the downfall of the president,” protesters shouted in the Damascus suburb of Harasta, where activists said dozens of soldiers defected at the weekend after refusing to shoot at the crowds.