The UK has become the latest country to announce a ban on under-16s using social media, following a landmark law in Australia that underscored the growing pressure on governments to better protect children from online harms.Prime Minister Keir Starmer said Britain is “going further than any country in the world” by preventing children under 16 from using all major social media platforms, including Meta Platforms Inc’s Instagram and Facebook as well as Snapchat, TikTok, YouTube and X, while also taking aim at livestreaming and communication on gaming sites. What is Australia’s under-16s social media ban?Australia in December became the world’s first democracy to compel the likes of Meta, TikTok and Snap to ensure that those under the age of 16 can’t use their services. Platforms that fail to comply face fines of up to A$49.5mn ($35mn). The measures mark a break with the previous approach, in which governments have largely relied on the platforms themselves to manage children’s use of their services.“We want children to have their childhood,” Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said at the time. “We want parents to have peace of mind. That’s what a minimum age for safer social media will help achieve.” How will the UK ban work?The UK government also plans to prohibit social media platforms from allowing under-16s as users. It said its ban will go further by blocking livestreaming and communication between strangers on a range of online services, including gaming sites.It aims to bring the proposal to Parliament before Christmas and implement a ban in Spring 2027. It will not apply to messaging services such as Signal or Meta’s WhatsApp. Educational services including YouTube Kids and Google Classroom will also be excluded.“Tech giants had their chance and failed, but we’re stepping in to protect children, back parents and set a new normal for future generations,” Starmer said. How effective has Australia’s ban been?Six months after its implementation, Australia’s online safety regulator said that about 5mn accounts had been shut. Yet it’s unclear how successful Australia’s ban has been overall. Many parents have supported the move, but scores of teenagers have found workarounds.A survey of more than 700 Australian teens showed that about one in four of those ages 14 and 15 have complied. The regulator said in March that about 70% of parents who said their child had social media accounts before the ban still had them.Australia said in March it had “significant concerns” over the platforms’ adherence to the law and that significant gaps remained in their policing measures.“Australia’s doing something very, very hard. They’re going first,” Jonathan Haidt, a social psychologist and author of the bestselling book The Anxious Generation, told Bloomberg News before the UK ban was announced.“Everyone who goes after that has the benefit of experience and less political opposition and better technology,” he added. Would the UK social media ban be tougher than Australia’s?Acknowledging the likelihood that many children will try to subvert a ban, the UK government said it will implement measures that make it harder to undermine the restrictions.“The government will also learn the lessons from Australia’s experience by introducing more highly effective age assurance measures to support compliance,” it said.The UK is also weighing action to regulate the social media use of older children, such as overnight curfews and breaks in infinite scrolling for those under 18, with more details to be announced in July.Ultimately, the impact of the changes will depend on the level of resources dedicated to enforcement and the size of the fines to be levied on platforms that fail to properly implement the new rules. Which other countries have said they want to follow suit?Australia’s rules, which went into force at the end of last year, are spurring similar initiatives across the world. More than two dozen countries have said they are considering or moving toward restrictions of their own, including Indonesia, Brazil and Canada.In the US, while President Donald Trump’s administration has taken issue with comprehensive bans, jury verdicts against some of the firms in recent months have ramped up public discussion of social media’s harms.“If you’ve got East Asia, Oceania, North America, and Europe, with some action in South America, it’s basically a worldwide phenomenon,” Haidt said.
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