Doha Declaration issued on 'Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflict'

Jointly organised by the National Human Rights Committee (NHRC) and the Al Jazeera for Public Liberties and Human Rights Centre (PLHRC), the international conference on "Protecting Journalists in Armed Conflict" was held in Doha on October 8-9.The conference brought together experts from United Nations bodies, mechanisms, and agencies, the African Commission on Human Rights, representatives of national human rights institutions, international and regional organisations concerned with promoting freedom of expression, freedom of the press, and the protection of journalists, unions, media institutions, and experts and academics. The participants emphasised the importance of international resolutions issued by the UN Security Council and the Human Rights Council aimed at protecting journalists and ensuring their safety, and renewed their support for the 2012 Doha Declaration on the Protection of Journalists in Dangerous Situations, the draft Universal Declaration on the Protection of Journalists – Doha Declaration, issued in March 2016, the 2016 Finland Declaration, and other declarations concerned with strengthening the protection of journalists.They expressed their deep regret at the continuing killings and grave violations against journalists in the context of armed conflict, particularly in the most dangerous conflict zones, foremost among them the Gaza Strip, Ukraine, and Sudan.They also expressed their deep regret at the continued impunity of perpetrators and the lack of accountability, justice, and reparation for victims.The participants made the following recommendations:* Call upon states to activate comprehensive political will to ensure the effective implementation of Security Council resolutions, relevant Human Rights Council resolutions, and the recommendations of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety and Security of Journalists. They should ensure that the safety of journalists is a UN priority and develop and implement relevant national strategies and policies.* Emphasise the need to establish a monitoring and reporting mechanism for crimes and serious violations committed against journalists in areas of armed conflict, to measure compliance, identify violations, and determine legal responsibilities.* Emphasise the need to respect the role of journalists and correspondents in armed conflict zones, ensure their safety, enable them to enjoy freedom of movement and easy access, and respect their professional independence.They should also strive to include the protection of journalists as a permanent item in peace negotiations.* Support the reform of international mechanisms, bodies, and courts by pushing for the conclusion of a binding international instrument to protect journalists, including ensuring their safety in situations of armed conflict.Work to develop the Statute of the International Criminal Court to explicitly criminalise the targeting of journalists, and update the general comments of relevant treaty bodies.Create conditions for effective communication between journalists, human rights defenders, treaty bodies, and special procedures.* Urge governments, national institutions, and businesses to work to promote compliance with the rules of international humanitarian law and the requirements of international human rights law in all uses of artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies, including working to adopt legislation and public policies to oblige technology companies to refrain from developing unethical systems used in violations, reprisals, and intimidation against journalists.* Establish international and national funds to compensate and support journalists who are victims of armed conflict and their families, and develop social protection programmes to ensure that victims and families of martyrs receive sustainable pensions.* Launch an ongoing global campaign to raise awareness about the protection of journalists in times of armed conflict, achieve accountability, end impunity, and commemorate martyrs of journalism.This campaign should be launched in conjunction with the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists.In this regard, it should be emphasised the importance of unifying initiatives and strengthening solidarity and joint action among media, human rights, and official institutions, as well as journalists, to achieve these goals.