About 195 nations are tasked with finalising a new accord to halt and reverse damage to plants, animals and ecosystems at the Dec 7-19 conference in Montreal, Canada.
The need for more financing for poorer nations, to help them meet new targets likely to be set at COP15, has long been a sticking point in the talks to hammer out a biodiversity pact, already hit by Covid-19 delays.
Multilateral development banks (MDBs) could do more in brokering an ambitious agreement on a new global biodiversity framework and implementing it, green groups said.
“MDBs are not where they should be. Their biodiversity portfolio is lagging behind their climate one,” said Li Shuo, a policy adviser at Greenpeace China.
“Whether more MDBs can commit to allocate more resources to the nature protection agenda will be a key test of the success of COP15,” he said in an interview.
Boosting conservation and management of natural areas, such as parks, oceans, forests and wildernesses, is seen as crucial to safeguarding the ecosystems on which humans depend and to limiting global warming to internationally agreed targets.
But forests are still being cut down — often to produce commodities such as palm oil, soybeans and beef — destroying biodiversity and threatening climate goals, as trees absorb about a third of planet-warming emissions produced worldwide.
Investments in protecting and better managing the world’s ecosystems must reach $384bn a year by 2025, more than double their current levels, a UN Environment Programme report said this week.
MDBs must prioritise green finance and incentivise private investment, especially in sustainable supply chains, it added.
Public development banks are owned by governments at international, regional and national levels, and their assets combined make up about 10% of global investment.
Most lend to nature-sensitive sectors — notably agriculture, mining and infrastructure — whose activities are often carried out in environments rich in biodiversity.
Researchers warned last year that lending by public development banks could destroy nature worth $800bn annually, and urged greater transparency to reduce the risks.
European Investment Bank (EIB) President Werner Hoyer said last month he hoped the upcoming biodiversity summit would help MDBs accelerate their nature efforts.
An EIB spokesperson said the bank is committed “to protecting nature, forests and oceans”, citing its support for the Althelia Climate Fund which invests in sustainable land use.
The Asian Development Bank, which will participate in COP15, has “long supported environmental sustainability”, a spokesperson said, adding the bank had raised its climate finance goal for 2019-2030 from $80bn to $100bn — and expects a significant share to go toward nature investments.
Examples of MDB nature finance include a hydropower project in the Solomon Islands with a biodiversity protection plan, backed by the World Bank and others, and a World Bank project in Sumatra, Indonesia, to curb emissions from forests and peatland by promoting sustainable fishing and alternative livelihoods.
Earlier this year, the Climate Investment Funds, one of the world’s largest climate finance instruments working with six major MDBs, launched a fund aiming to invest at least $500mn in protecting nature in developing countries.
Toerris Jaeger, head of the Rainforest Foundation Norway, said extensive funding was needed to protect remaining biodiversity hotspots — and MDBs have “a huge role” to play here, while ensuring their investments do not harm nature.
Very few development banks have policies that are in line with government commitments on biodiversity, he noted.
A year ago at the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, a group of MDBs issued a statement recognising the importance of nature and pledged to co-operate on bolstering biodiversity protection. (Thomson Reuters Foundation)
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