A Ukrainian military convoy travels along a road near the town of Debaltseve, eastern Ukraine. Right: A pro-Russian rebel stands at a building destroyed in the recent shelling, in Yasynuvata, eastern Ukraine.
Reuters/DPA/Kiev
Ukraine’s military said yesterday that it was pulling back artillery and heavy armour from the front line with separatists, backing President Petro Poroshenko’s peace plan for a conflict that has cost more than 3,000 lives.
Taking a noticeably soft line on the Russian-backed separatists for the first time, military spokesman Andriy Lysenko said that reduced fire from the rebels and Russian forces meant the Ukrainian army could begin withdrawing heavy weaponry from a proposed 30km buffer zone.
His announcement was in line with a call by Poroshenko on Sunday night for people to back his peace plan which he said was needed to keep support of the US and other Western governments.
The president was forced to end an offensive against the separatists and call a ceasefire on September 5 after big battlefield losses that Kiev ascribed to the direct intervention of Russian troops, something Moscow denied despite what Kiev and the West says is undeniable proof.
Though Ukrainian soldiers continue to die in spite of the ceasefire – two more were killed in the past 24 hours, Lysenko said – Poroshenko on Sunday defended his peace plan, saying that Ukrainian deaths had been reduced 10-fold.
Speaking after returning home from a meeting with US President Barack Obama in Washington, Poroshenko said he would have risked forfeiting Western goodwill by pressing ahead with a military offensive against Russian-supported separatists.
Despite telling the US Congress that Ukraine needed more than “blankets” from the United States to win the war against the separatists, his failure to secure a US promise of weapons from Obama may have convinced him of the need to move forward more rapidly with the peace process on the ground.
“It’s not possible to win ... purely by military means. The more Ukrainian army battalions or brigades are brought up, the more troops there are from the Russian Federation,” he acknowledged on Sunday night.
He added that his priorities now were to get all Russian troops out of the country.
“We’ll monitor this. We’ll say when the last Russian soldier has left,” he said. The border with Russia had also to be closed.
His military’s announcement that it is complying with an agreement reached in the Belarussian capital Minsk last Friday for creation of a 30km buffer zone will strengthen Ukraine at the UN general assembly on Thursday where Prime Minister Arseny Yatseniuk will put the case for the country.
Military spokesman Lysenko, in rare favourable comments on the separatists and Russia, said that artillery attacks had diminished in the past 24 hours and that there had been no firing from Russian territory.
“A lessening of intensive shelling has been noted. No violations of the border have been tracked by our border guards. There was no firing from the territory of the Russian Federation. All this shows the practical realisation of all the points of the peace plan,” Lysenko said. “The Ukrainian military is setting an example of how this should be done.”
Last Friday’s Minsk memorandum foresees the warring sides pulling back their artillery by 15km on each side to create a 30km buffer zone between their forces.
These factors are allowing Ukraine to start preparing large-calibre artillery and heavy equipment for withdrawal, Lysenko said.
Military officials have not identified exactly where the buffer zone line will run.
Much of the recent military action has been in the city of Donetsk, the region’s main industrial hub with a pre-conflict population of nearly one million.
Lysenko, replying to a question, said only: “It is the line where there are forces.”
Poroshenko’s deeper plan may be to calm the waters, albeit temporarily, ahead of a parliamentary election on Octo
ber 26 when he hopes for a strong coalition to emerge in his favour.
His plan to grant limited self-rule for a three-year period to the independence-minded separatists has left him vulnerable to criticism at home that he gave in to Moscow and set the scene for creation of a “frozen conflict” within Ukraine.
The plan, which was bulldozed through parliament at a closed session, has also been met by derision by the rebels who say they do not want to be part of Ukraine.
Pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine meanwhile said that the buffer zone will not be implemented soon.
“Because trust between both sides is so low, it will be very hard to implement the Minsk memorandum immediately,” Andrei Purgin, a leader of the Donetsk separatists told the Itar Tass news agency.
He said that the agreement would take time to implement and that the buffer zone was its most difficult aspect.
He later said the problem could be solved at the local commander level in the course of five days.
“Much will depend on direct agreements between field commanders,” Purgin said, according to Interfax.
The buffer zone is supposed to be monitored by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which already has 80 observers on the ground.
It was unclear yesterday how the exact front line will be delineated.
An OSCE spokeswoman said that the details of the buffer zone observance have not been agreed yet.
The Minsk agreement, which was published on the OSCE website, also stipulates that artillery weapons with more than 15km range must be drawn back further and that all military hardware must be removed from a 65km bit of front line running from south of Donetsk to the Sea of Azov.
