Children born from obese women were 35% more likely to die prematurely in adulthood, according to a study yesterday that warned of a growing epidemic.
Researchers in Scotland traced 37,709 children of 28,540 women who gave birth between 1950 and 1976.
The children were aged from 34 to 61 at the time of the study published in the online journal bmj.com.
Researchers included the data of 6,551 children that had already died prior to the start of the study. Of the mothers, 21% were overweight - meaning a body mass index (BMI) or height-to-weight ratio of 25 to 29.9 - and 4% obese, with a BMI of 30 or more, when they gave birth.
“The offspring of obese mothers were 35% and those of overweight women 11% more likely to die before the age of 55 years than those of normal-weight mothers,” study co-author Rebecca Reynolds, professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Edinburgh, said.
The team also found that the children of obese mothers were 42% more at risk of being admitted to hospital for heart disease as adults.
“Our results suggest that the intrauterine (womb) environment has a crucial and long-lasting effect on risk of premature mortality in offspring,” the study said.
Other research has shown that conditions in the womb can cause lifelong body changes, which may affect such functions as appetite control and metabolism. But post-birth factors like diet and exercise or a genetic propensity to be obese could not be ruled out as the cause of the children’s health problems.
“Strategies to optimise weight before pregnancy are urgently required,” wrote the team - given that about one in five pregnant women in the UK are obese. “We also need to consider giving good lifestyle advice to children of obese mothers and early monitoring of risk factors for heart disease such as high blood pressure, blood sugar, blood fats and smoking,” added Reynolds.
According to the World Health Organisation, more than 1.4bn adults aged 20 and older were overweight in 2008 - a figure that had nearly doubled since 1980. More than a third of adults were overweight in 2008, and 11% obese. At least 2.8mn adults die every year as a result of weight-related health problems.
Worryingly, “only 4% of mothers in our study were obese, far less than current levels”, added Reynolds. “If the link between maternal obesity and adverse outcomes in her adult children persists as rates of maternal obesity rise then this could lead to an increase in premature deaths and heart problems.”
