India’s government forecast yesterday that economic growth could get back up to 7% this year, but cautioned it will face challenges keeping its fiscal deficit in check.
The views were expressed in an annual economic survey presented to parliament one day before Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presents the budget for the fiscal year that ends in March 2020.
India’s growth cooled to 6.8% in the year that ended on March 31, its slowest rate of expansion in five years.
“Growth in the economy is expected to pick up in 2019/20 as macroeconomic conditions continue to be stable,” said the finance ministry’s chief economic adviser, Krishnamurthy Subramanian, the report’s main author.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government is widely expected to push up spending in today’s budget to spur activity, by offering tax incentives to boost consumer demand and investment, officials of his political party said.
A shortfall in monsoon rains, pivotal for the farm sector that constitutes about 15% of the economy, employing nearly half of India’s workers, has increased concern about rural distress and strengthened the case for government intervention.
But the report said India faces a challenge on the fiscal front: the economic slowdown has impacted tax collection, while state spending on the farm sector is rising.
In an interim budget unveiled in February, ahead of a general election, the government set 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) as a target for 2019/20’s fiscal deficit.
“We are sticking to the fiscal consolidation path for the last five years.
We anticipate that path will continue,” Krishnamurthy told reporters after the release of the report.
To allow higher spending, the fiscal deficit target might be lifted to 3.6% today, a senior government official told Reuters. Otherwise, to meet the initial target of 3.4%, the government will have cut expenditure by Rs700bn to Rs800bn ($10bn-$12bn), the official said.
In 2018/19, the government resorted to spending cuts of nearly Rs1.5tn to meet the upwardly revised fiscal deficit target of 3.4% after a fall in tax collections.
The annual survey gave no projection for the deficit.
Economists believe the real figure has to exceed 3.4%, because already in the first two months of the current year, the deficit equalled 52% of the total targeted for 12 months.
The report urged the removal of hurdles to private investment and a further opening of the economy to foreign investors to boost growth to over 8% annually, which would make India a $5tn economy in five years.
In January-March, annual growth slumped to 5.8%, the slowest pace in 20 quarters, and more recent indicators such as plummeting industrial output and automobile sales have stoked fears of a deeper slowdown.
Krishnamurthy said transmission of monetary easing was key to reduce the cost of capital in the economy.
India’s central bank, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cut benchmark repo rate by 75 basis points (bps) since February, but commercial banks have reduced lending rates by only 10-15 bps as they are saddled with huge distressed assets amounting to near $150bn.
Indian financial markets largely shrugged off the economic survey and investors said they would prefer to wait for the budget yesterday for direction.
“The survey identifies problems and its core is India to be a $5tn economy by 2024/25, which looks a bit optimistic,” said Devendra Pant, chief economist at India Ratings & Research, the Indian arm of the rating agency Fitch.
“It is banking on productivity growth of 70 basis point compared with the United States,” Pant said.
Indian men work at a garment factory in Ludhiana.
