Australians travelling in Russia were warned on Sunday of the possibility of harassment due to heightened tensions over the two countries' tit-for-tat expulsion of diplomats.
The Australian government's official travel advice for Russia was updated on Sunday to warn of possible retaliation against Westerners and to encourage travellers to exercise a "high degree of caution."
"Due to heightened political tensions, you should be aware of the possibility of anti-Western sentiment or harassment," the travel advice said.
It said the government was not aware of any increased difficulties for Australians travelling in Russia, but noted that people should follow the security and political situation closely and keep up to date with travel advice.
"Remain vigilant, avoid any protests or demonstrations and avoid commenting publicly on political developments," it said.
Australia has expelled two Russian diplomats, who were accused of being spies by Foreign Minister Julie Bishop, in a show of solidarity with Britain over a nerve agent attack against former Russian agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia last month.
Two Australian diplomats are being expelled from Moscow in retaliation.
Foreign Minister Julie Bishop has accused two Russian diplomats, who were expelled, of being spies.
