The Spanish government has threatened to put Catalonia, which accounts for a fifth of the economy, under direct central rule if its government does not abandon independence by tomorrow.
But Catalonia’s government rejected Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy’s deadline.
“Giving in forms no part of this government’s scenarios,” Catalan government spokesman Jordi Turull said. “On Thursday, we won’t give anything different than what we gave on Monday.”
Spain’s biggest political crisis in decades worsened on Monday night when Madrid’s High Court jailed the heads of Catalonia’s two main separatist groups pending an investigation for alleged sedition.
The Catalan government accused Madrid of taking “political prisoners”.
Thousands of workers in Barcelona and other cities staged a brief walkout at noon in protest at court decision to keep Jordi Cuixart and Jordi Sanchez behind bars pending investigations into sedition charges.
“Repression is not the solution,” protesters shouted as hundreds gathered outside the Catalan regional government offices in central Barcelona.
“Now anyone can be put in jail,” said Carme Guell, a 62-year-old beautician who joined the walkout as civil servants from nearby regional ministries blocked the street.
Like many who back independence for Catalonia – which is profoundly divided on the issue – Guell said the wealthy northeastern region was “treated like a colony. All our money is taken away, nothing is reinvested here”.
Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont, in a tweet following the detentions, said: “Sadly, we have political prisoners again.”
The phrase was an allusion to the military dictatorship under Francisco Franco, when Catalan culture and language were systematically suppressed.
It carries an emotional resonance given fascism is still a living memory for many Spaniards.
Justice Minister Rafael Catala hit back, saying that the jailing of the leaders of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) and Omnium Cultural was a judicial, not a political, decision.
The two pro-independence citizens’ groups count tens of thousands of members and have emerged as influential players in the crisis.
“We can talk of politicians in prison but not political prisoners,” he said. “These are not political prisoners because yesterday’s prison ruling was due to a (suspected) crime.”
The crisis has deepened divisions at the heart of Spain’s young democracy, underlining the complex sense of nationhood in the eurozone’s fourth largest economy.
In Madrid, unionists drape their homes in the national flag, while Barcelona buildings are festooned with Catalan flags.
Street protests of hundreds of thousands of people have been held on both sides of the divide, including in Catalonia.
“They’ve crossed a line,” said Eulalia López, a 54-year-old office worker in Barcelona.
She said she and her colleagues would come out onto the streets if Madrid went ahead and took control of the region.
European capitals and financial markets have looked on with mounting alarm since October 1, when Catalan authorities held a referendum on independence in defiance of a Spanish court ban.
ANC leader Jordi Sanchez and Omnium Cultural chief Jordi Cuixart – nicknamed the “two Jordis” – are accused by prosecutors of helping to orchestrate pro-independence protests that last month trapped national police inside a Barcelona building and destroyed their vehicles.
That same incident also led to Catalonia’s police chief, Josep Lluis Trapero, being investigated for sedition.
He is accused of failing to order his force to rescue them from the building.
He has not been detained but the High Court banned him from leaving Spain and seized his passport.
A string of companies, including two major lenders, have decided to move their headquarters outside Catalonia since the referendum.
Spanish police launched a violent crackdown in an effort to thwart it, using rubber bullets and batons on voters in scenes that shocked Spain’s European neighbours.
Catalan officials say 43% of voters still managed to cast ballots with 90% in favour of breaking away.
Many unionists, however, obeyed Madrid and did not take part in the vote.
One of Catalonia’s major foreign investors, Volkswagen, said yesterday that its Spanish division, Seat, had decided to delay announcing the name of its forthcoming model.
Seat, based in Martorell in Catalonia, had planned to announce the name of its 2018 sport-utility vehicle this month, about a year ahead of the seven-seat model’s launch.
“With the entire Spanish media focused on politics at the moment, we have decided to find a better time,” a Seat spokesman said, adding the division had also delayed the announcement of an innovation and digitisation agreement.
He did not elaborate.
Students block a street in Barcelona during a gathering to protest the imprisonment of leaders of two of the largest Catalan separatist organisations, the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) and Onmium Cultural.
