President Emmanuel Macron faced the first challenge on the streets to his business-friendly reform agenda yesterday when workers from the hard-left CGT union began marching through French cities to protest labour reforms.
Sounding a call to the working class, Philippe Martinez, the head of the Communist Party-linked CGT, branded the reforms a “social coup d’etat” and took offence at Macron’s pledge to give no ground to “slackers”.
Labour unions have scuppered previous attempts to weaken France’s labour code, but this time there was comfort for Macron as two other unions, including the largest, the CFDT, declined to join the protests.
After weeks of negotiations, the government last month set out measures including a cap on payouts for dismissals judged unfair and greater freedom for companies to hire and fire.
The reform makes no direct reference to the 35-hour week, a totem of the labour code, though it hands firms more flexibility to set pay and working conditions.
The government plans to adopt the new measures, being implemented by decree, on September 22.
During a trip to Athens on Friday, Macron told the local French community: “I am fully determined and I won’t cede any ground, not to slackers, nor cynics, nor hardliners.”
He said the “slackers” comment was aimed at those who had failed to push through reforms in the past, although political opponents and some unions took it as an attack on the unemployed or on workers making the most of job protection.
A day ahead of the protests, the president doubled down on Friday’s controversial comments describing opponents of the reform as “slackers”.
The phrase referred to “all those who think that we can do nothing, that we have that luxury,” he told reporters.
“Mr Macron knows very well it’s a power struggle, that’s what he wants,” far-left firebrand Jean-Luc Melenchon, who has become Macron’s most vocal opponent in parliament, said on the sidelines of a demonstration in Marseille. “We will make him back down.”
“What is going to be a surprise is when he ends up giving ground,” he told reporters yesterday. “This country doesn’t want the liberal world ... France isn’t Britain.”
Turnout estimates for the march varied widely between sources, as is often the case in France, with the CGT union putting it at 60,000 in France’s second city, while police said it was nearer 7,500.
Protesters were also gathering in Paris.
French workers have long cherished the rights enshrined in the labour code, but companies complain that it has deterred investment and job creation and stymied economic growth.
Unemployment has been above 9% for nearly a decade.
Macron’s reforms are being followed in Germany as a test of his resolve to reshape the eurozone’s second-biggest economy, a must if he is to win Berlin’s backing for broader reforms to the currency union.
The CGT is France’s second-biggest union, though its influence has been waning.
Martinez said yesterday’s nationwide protests were the “first phase” and more would follow.
He called Macron’s reference to “slackers” an insult to workers.
“The president should listen to the people, understand them, rather than cause divisions,” Martinez told France 2 television.
Bruno Cautres of the Cevipof political research institute said the former investment banker had “added fuel to the fire” with his choice of words.
“With the ‘slackers’ comment, there are all the ingredients for this to heat up,” he said.
Protesters seized on the remark yesterday, with the word daubed on banners and placards while others shouted: “Macron you’re screwed, the slackers are in the street.”
“I think that it led lots of people to come out today,” said Mehdi, a protester in Paris whose friend held a sign saying “Come and see how the slackers work!!!”
CGT workers from the rail, oil and power sectors have said that they will heed his call for strikes, but by mid-afternoon there was no apparent impact on power and refining production, spokespeople for utility EDF and oil major Total said.
Just over 11% of the workforce at EDF, which operates France’s fleet of 48 nuclear reactors, took part in the strike, a spokeswoman for the state-owned utility said.
Macron landed in the French Caribbean yesterday to survey the devastation wrought by Hurricane Irma on the French territory of Saint Martin.
Governments on the political left and right have been trying for decades to overhaul the 3,000-page labour code, but ended up watering down their plans in the face of street demonstrations.
Macron was economy minister in the Socialist government of president Francois Hollande, whose attempt at labour reform led to weeks of protests that at their peak brought 400,000 onto the streets, and stoked a rebellion within his own party.
Hollande was forced to dilute his proposals, but so far there are no signs of Macron feeling compelled to back down.
An opinion poll published on September 1 indicated that voters have mixed views on the reform.
Nearly six in 10 said they opposed Macron’s labour decrees overall.
But when respondents looked at individual measures, most received majority support.
With economic growth accelerating, unemployment on a downward trend and the unions divided in their response to the reforms, it is not clear whether the protests will eventually gain significant momentum.
Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire told the newspaper Les Echos that voters had chosen Macron “to carry out the reforms that France has shrunk away from for 30 years”.
The moderate CFDT union described Macron’s labour decrees as a “deep disappointment” but said that it would not join the CGT demonstrations.
The smaller Force Ouvriere (FO), usually an ally of the CGT, also decided to stay away, a move that has led to discord within its ranks.
A demonstrator bears a reading ‘slacker in the street’ during a protest in Nantes.
