More than 300mn people in Asia, Africa and Latin America are at risk of life-threatening diseases like cholera and typhoid due to the increasing pollution of water in rivers and lakes, says the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Between 1990 and 2010, pollution caused by viruses, bacteria and other micro-organisms, and long-lasting toxic pollutants like fertiliser or petrol, increased in more than half of rivers across the three continents, while salinity levels rose in nearly a third, UNEP said in a report yesterday.
Population growth, expansion of agriculture and an increased amount of raw sewage released into rivers and lakes were among the main reasons behind the increase of surface water pollution, putting some 323mn people at risk of infection, UNEP said.
“The water quality problem at a global scale and the number of people affected by bad water quality are much more severe than we expected,” Dietrich Borchardt, lead author of the report, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
However, a significant number of rivers remain in good condition and need to be protected, he said.
About a quarter of rivers in Latin America, 10 % to 25 % in Africa and up to 50 % in Asia were affected by severe pathogen pollution, largely caused by discharging untreated wastewater into rivers and lakes, the report said.
Some 3.4mn people die each year from diseases such as cholera, typhoid, polio or diarrhoea, which are associated with pathogens in water, UNEP said.
It estimated that up to 164mn people in Africa, 134mn in Asia and 25mn in Latin America were at risk of infection from the diseases.
It said building more sewers was not enough to prevent infections and deaths, adding that the solution was to treat wastewater.
Organic pollution, which can cause water to be completely starved of oxygen, affects one kilometre out of seven kilometres of rivers in Latin America, Africa and Asia, threatening freshwater fisheries, UNEP said.
Severe and moderate salinity levels, caused by the disposal of salty water from mines, irrigation systems and homes, affect one in 10 rivers on the three continents, making it harder for poor farmers to irrigate their crops, it said.
The trend of worsening water pollution was “critical”, Borchardt said.
“It is much more expensive to clean up surface water from severe pollution than to implement proper management which includes prevention of pollution,” he said. “Tools are available but the challenge is to implement them.”
Between 1990 and 2010, pollution caused by viruses, bacteria and other micro-organisms, and long-lasting toxic pollutants like fertiliser or petrol, increased in more than half of rivers across the three continents, while salinity levels rose in nearly a third, UNEP says in a report
