EU-Turkey deal fails to stem migrant flow

They waved, cheered and smiled, elated to have made it to Europe at dawn yesterday in a packed blue rubber motor boat.
The 50 or so refugees and migrants were among the first to arrive on the Greek island of Lesbos on day one of an EU deal with Turkey designed to close the route by which a million people crossed the Aegean Sea to Greece in 2015.
Exhausted but relieved, the new arrivals wrapped their wet feet in thermal blankets as volunteers handed out dry clothes and supplies.
Reuters witnesses saw three boats arrive within an hour in darkness in the early hours of yesterday.
Two men were pulled out unconscious from one of the boats amid the screams of fellow passengers and were later pronounced dead.
Twelve boats had arrived on the shoreline near the airport by 6am (0400 GMT), a police official said.
A government account put the number of arrivals across Greece in the past 24 hours at 875 people.
Under the European Union deal with Turkey, all migrants and refugees, including Syrians, who cross to Greece illegally by sea from March 20 will be sent back to Turkey once they are registered and their asylum claims have been processed.
That is expected to take effect from April 4, by which time Greece must have in place a fast-track process for assessing asylum claims.
The EU has pledged to help Greece set up a task force of some 4,000 staff, including judges, interpreters, border guards and others to manage each case individually.
“The agreement comes into effect from today. Greek authorities have done whatever is necessary and will continue to do what it promised,” George Kyritsis, a government spokesman for the refugee crisis, told Reuters.
“Other parties (to the agreement) should also do their part,” he said, referring to Greece’s EU partners and Turkey.
In return, the EU will take in thousands of Syrian refugees directly from Turkey and reward it with more money, early visa-free travel and progress in its EU membership negotiations.
The SOMP agency co-ordinating Athens’ response to the crisis insisted however that those arriving faced certain return to Turkey.
“They will not be able to leave the islands, and we are awaiting the arrival of international experts who will launch procedures for them to be sent back,” the agency said.
Among the early morning arrivals on the seaweed strewn beach on the south of Lesbos was Syrian Hussein Ali Muhammad, whose studies were interrupted after the war began.
He said he wanted to go to Denmark to continue university.
Asked if he was aware of the European decision, he said: “I know that. I hope to cross these borders. I hope I complete my studies here (in Europe), just this: I don’t want money, I just want to complete my studies. This is my message.”
Muhammed, who worked odd jobs in Turkey to pay a smuggler to bring him across, said he did not want to go back.
“I worked very, very hard in Turkey, I collected the money to come here ... It’s very dangerous and not good.”
Another arrival, 30-year-old computer engineer Mohammed from Daraa in Syria, said he hoped to stay in Greece until he found a way to be reunited with his wife and son in Germany.
“I know the decision. I hope to (meet with) my wife and children,” he said.
Gatan, a Syrian who had just arrived with his wife and two children, said he chose to ignore warnings about the deal.
“In Turkey they told us not to go to Greece, that we risk arrest,” he told AFP.  “We could not stay in Turkey. We want to go to Germany or France.”
Doubts remain about whether the deal is legal or workable. It was not clear what would happen to the tens of thousands of migrants and refugees already in Greece.
It was too early to say if the deal would be effective, a senior coastguard official said.
“We haven’t yet seen the terms of the deal properly,” said Antonis Sofiadelis, head of the coastguard operations on Lesbos. “But if returns begin I believe it will act as a deterrent. They (migrants) won’t want to pay $1,000-2,000 to a smuggler. Everything depends on whether Turkey implements its part of the deal.
“What we’re doing on our part is boosting the asylum process.”
Authorities in Lesbos began removing refugees and migrants from the island on Saturday to make space for new arrivals.
The island has a capacity to host 3,500 people at a place set up to register arrivals.
At least 144,000 people, mostly Syrians, Iraqis and Afghans, have arrived in Greece so far in 2016 according to UN refugee agency data.
About 60% were women and children.
Of those people, more than half landed on Lesbos, the island on the frontline of Europe’s biggest migration crisis since World War II.
Few, if any, had planned to stay in the country, seeking instead a route to northern Europe where more support and jobs are available than in Greece, which is in the grip of an economic crisis.
But border closures along the main route north through the Balkans have meant at least 48,000 people are stranded in Greece, in camps and ports across the country.
About 12,000 people remain at a squalid tent camp near the Macedonian border hoping to cross.
The charity Doctors Without Borders said 33 migrants had been treated yesterday for injuries inflicted by Macedonian police as they tried to slip across the shuttered border with Greece.
In Turkey, around 200 migrants were caught off the coast and turned back as they tried to reach Greece before the deadline, a Turkish coastguard official said.
They were detained on a ship for 36 hours and were being held in a pen in the port of Dikili, where they pressed against the metal gates, chanting “We want to go! We don’t want to stay!”
“We were treated like animals on the big ship. They gave us no food or water,” a 19-year-old Syrian told AFP.