Agencies/Tokyo
Conservative soulmates Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe declared yesterday ties between India and Japan were moving to a “new level.” during a summit pregnant with promise for a relationship they hope will offer a counterweight to China.
Despite falling short of launching a “two-plus-two” security framework of foreign and defence ministers, the Indian and Japanese prime ministers hailed the transformative potential of the partnership between Asia’s second and third largest economies.
“The world knows the 21st century is Asia’s century,” Modi told a joint press conference after the summit.
“But its shape and quality are not yet clear. This will be decided by how Japan and India work together,” he said, adding: “I think our relationship is moving to a new level.”
Abe also lauded a tie-up he said was “the one with the most potential in the world.”
“Together, working hand-in-hand with Prime Minister Modi, I intend to fundamentally strengthen our relationship in every field to elevate our relationship to a special strategic and global partnership,” he said.
Both nations are wary of China’s growing ambition to be seen as the regional keystone and are keen to curb its activity in the East and South China Seas and in the Indian Ocean.
Tokyo and New Delhi have separate long-running territorial disputes with Beijing, which is widely seen as having pushed its claims more aggressively in recent years.
Underlining the point, Chinese coastguard ships briefly sailed into waters off the Japanese-controlled Senkaku islands yesterday, officials said. China calls the islands the Diaoyus.
While neither of them directly addressed the Chinese elephant in the room, Modi left little doubt it weighed heavy.
At a speech to business leaders earlier in the day, he lambasted the expansionism of yesteryear and said it was not a viable model for Asia.
“There are 18th-century-style ways and thinking that involve expanding (geographically) by taking away the land of another nation and going into the seas,” he said through a translator, without making any specific reference to modern-day China.
“If Asia is to become the leader in the 21st century, Japan and India should lead” and promote a path of peaceful development, Modi said.
Washington is eager for the two countries to step up their co-operation by way of offering a regional balance to China, at a time when its own military commitment around the world is being questioned.
In a joint statement after their summit in Tokyo, Modi and Abe said they were pleased at recent three-way co-operation involving the US.
“(We) hope that this would lead to concrete and demonstrable projects to advance... shared interests and those of other partners,” the statement said.
“(We) decided to explore holding this dialogue among... (the three) foreign ministers (and) explore the possibility of expanding at an appropriate time... consultations to other countries in the region.”
Following a recent relaxation of self-imposed restrictions on weapons exports, Japan is keen to boost its military industry, notably with a possible future deal on the supply to India of US-2 amphibian aircraft.
The leaders “directed their officials to launch working-level consultations between the two countries with a view to promoting defence equipment and technology co-operation.”
Economic relations also received a fillip, with an intended ¥3.5tn yen ($34bn) in public and private investment and financing from Japan over five years.
That figure, which marks a doubling of present levels, includes a ¥50bn loan for infrastructure development for a country where transport links, power production and telecommunications systems can be shaky and unreliable.
There was also agreement on the joint development of rare earths, which are vital for high-tech manufacture. Their production is dominated by China.
Abe is keen to expand Japan’s network of security partnerships with countries such as India and Australia to cope with the challenge presented by China.
Modi, for his part, is embarking on an intense month of diplomacy in which he will receive Chinese President Xi Jinping before meeting US President Barack Obama in Washington as he seeks to carve out a stronger role for India as a global player.
Hopes of striking a nuclear energy deal at the summit similar to an accord reached with the US in 2008 had faded in the run-up to Modi’s visit. Still, the leaders said there had been “significant progress” in negotiations.
Japan wants explicit guarantees from India, which has not signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty, to limit atomic tests and allow closer inspection of its facilities to ensure that spent fuel is not used to make bombs.
Japanese firms also want clarity on nuclear disaster compensation, especially after the 2011 Fukushima catastrophe.
Modi was greeted in the ancient city of Kyoto on Saturday by Abe, who dispensed with the formal handshake that starts most such visits in favour of a bear hug.
The pair - both economic liberals and staunch nationalists - have met on several occasions, and are thought to enjoy a personal warmth that is notably absent in Abe’s dealings with Obama.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi enjoys a cup of green tea as his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe looks on during a tea ceremony at the Omotesenke tea hut
