Reuters/Goma/Kampala
African leaders have called on eastern rebels in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to abandon their aim of toppling the government and leave the city of Goma that they captured this week.
The appeal came from heads of state of the central African Great Lakes region who fear that if left unchecked the offensive by the M23 rebels could drag the volatile, ethnically-diverse and mineral-rich region back into another bloody conflict.
A statement signed by the regional leaders meeting in the Ugandan capital Kampala urged the M23 to abandon its threat to overthrow the elected government in Kinshasa and to “stop all war activities and withdraw from Goma”.
It proposed deploying a joint force at Goma airport comprising of a company of neutral African troops, a company of the Congolese army (FARDC) and a company of the M23.
The leaders told M23 “to withdraw from current positions to not less than 20 km from Goma town within two days”, but did not say what the consequences would be if the rebels failed to comply.
The rebel M23 movement, which has announced it intends to “liberate” all of the Congo and march on the capital Kinshasa 1,600km to the west, said it was still waiting to hear back from its political representative in Kampala.
But it expressed initial scepticism about a proposed joint deployment in Goma that included government troops returning.
“Will the population accept that? I doubt it. The population sees that M23 has changed things. With the (Congolese army) it was just harassment,” M23 military spokesman Vianney Kazarama told Reuters.
Regional and international leaders are scrambling to halt the fighting in eastern Congo, fuelled by a mix of local and regional politics, ethnic rifts and competition for large reserves of gold, tin and coltan.
The meeting in Kampala brought together the Congo’s President Joseph Kabila and the heads of state of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.
But Rwandan President Paul Kagame, who has vehemently denied accusations by the Congo and UN experts that his government is supplying, supporting and directing the M23 rebellion, did not attend the summit, although he sent his foreign minister.
As the regional leaders met in Uganda, the Congolese government army reinforced its positions southwest of rebel-held Goma, in what appeared to be a move to block any further advance by the insurgents, who have routed Congolese army forces backed by UN peacekeepers.
The Great Lakes heads of state also proposed that UN peacekeepers present in and around Goma should provide security in a neutral zone between Goma and the new areas seized by M23.
They said police that were disarmed in Goma by the rebels should also be re-armed so they can resume working.
In the Congolese capital Kinshasa, authorities banned protests, citing the need to keep order in what national police chief Charles Bisengimana called a “undeclared state of war”.
Goma has been a regional headquarters for the UN peacekeeping mission in the Congo, known as MONUSCO, which has a 17,000 strong force across the huge country.
MONUSCO is tasked with assisting government troops keep the peace and protect civilians.
MONUSCO has faced criticism inside and outside the Congo for not doing enough to halt the rebels when the Congolese army fled Goma, but UN officials have argued it is not the mandate of the UN peacekeepers to directly engage the insurgents.
UN helicopter gunships fired hundreds of rockets at the rebels but were unable to beat them back at Goma, UN officials said.
Congolese government troops attempted a counter-offensive against the advancing rebels this week but were forced to pull back to the town of Minova on Lake Kivu, leaving a trail of soldiers’ bodies and abandoned equipment in their wake.
“We are going to defend Minova, but we’ll also try to push back the rebels,” Congo army (FARDC) spokesman Olivier Hamuli said.
Reinforcements were on their way to the front, he said.
M23 forces moved south through the hills towards Minova, in a strategic position on the road to Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province, and a rebel spokesman said they had come within 12km of Minova before halting their advance.
The rebels have said that Bukavu is their next objective and have vowed to sweep across the vast nation to Kinshasa if Kabila does not agree to talks.
Kabila, who has said he is willing to hear the rebels’ grievances, appointed a new interim head of ground forces late on Friday.
General Francois Olenga Tete takes over from former army boss General Gabriel Amisi, who was suspended on Thursday over charges he had sold arms to other eastern rebels.
Olenge rose through the ranks of a rebellion led by Kabila’s father and former president Laurent Kabila.
A 2008 US diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks described him as a political appointee with no military background, a violent streak and “reputed to be corrupt”.
A group of displaced Congolese men and boys wait for humanitarian aid in a camp for the internally displaced in Mugunga, 8km west of Goma, in the eas
