Business
Aviation connectivity delivers $244bn economic boost to Asean economies
Substantial infrastructure investments and policy reforms across Southeast Asian airports are required to unlock billions of dollars in economic value and millions of regional jobs over the coming decades.
Airports and the air connectivity they enable supported 23.3mn jobs and contributed $244bn to GDP across the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in 2025, according to a comprehensive study by Airports Council International Asia-Pacific & Middle East (ACI APAC & MID).
Direct airport-related activity alone supported 1.6mn jobs, generated $55bn in regional GDP, and contributed $36bn in total tax revenues to member state governments during the reference year, the study found.
According to scenario-based modelling by the industry association, full implementation of the Asean Single Aviation Market (ASAM) could generate 6mn additional intra-regional passengers, representing an 11.6% increase over 2025 traffic levels.
ACI APAC & MID stated that complete market liberalisation could unlock an additional 450,000 jobs and $4.3bn in cumulative GDP gains through expanded trade, tourism, and direct aviation activities.
Stefano Baronci, director general of ACI APAC & MID, stated that while member states have made historic strides with the market framework, significant scope remains to unlock its full potential.
Baronci pointed out, "To fully realise the opportunities ASAM has created, states must address remaining challenges around market access and traffic rights, starting with further opening of air connectivity to secondary cities, so that more local economies can benefit from increased traffic.”
He explained that lagging airport infrastructure development represents a core factor limiting liberalisation, directly affecting the ability of airlines to capitalise on regional market opportunities.
"With traffic expected to more than double in the Asean region in the next decade, supporting sustainable funding for airport expansions is of vital importance,” Baronci said.
The study estimates that $108bn in airport investment will be required by 2036 to accommodate passenger growth, followed by an additional $233bn between 2037 and 2056 as regional demand reaches 2.9bn passengers.
ACI APAC & MID stated that this represents a total investment requirement of approximately $341bn over the next 30 years.
Baronci emphasised that meeting this demand will require airports to mobilise significant capital investment over the coming decade to expand capacity, modernise infrastructure, and maintain long-term competitiveness.
"Asean members must work together to accelerate implementation of existing air services agreements and address remaining capacity, regulatory and operational barriers to support sustainable aviation growth,” he said.
Regional low-cost carriers experienced substantial expansion under the framework, accounting for 51% of intra-regional seats in 2025 compared to 29% in 2008. Air travel facilitated the arrival of 84.8mn international tourists across member states in 2025, generating $127bn in visitor spending and accounting for two-thirds of total international tourism expenditure.
Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand recorded the largest airport-related economic contributions in terms of GDP, generating $22.6bn, $11bn, and $7.7bn, respectively. Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia led the region in total employment impact from airport operations, generating approximately 368,000, 335,000, and 283,000 jobs.
Overall airport throughput across the 10 member states exceeded 700mn passengers and nearly 9mn tonnes of air cargo during 2025, according to ACI APAC & MID.