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Qatar’s debt dynamics to be 'favourable' in medium term: Capital Intelligence
Qatar's debt dynamics is expected to remain "favourable” in the medium term, resulting in a decrease in the central government debt-GDP (gross domestic product) ratio to 40.9% by 2027, according to Capital Intelligence (CI), a global credit rating agency.
This was highlighted recently by CI when it affirmed Qatar's long-term foreign currency and local currency ratings as well as short-term (ST) foreign currency and local currency ratings with "stable" outlook.
Gross central government debt (including short-term treasury bills and bank overdrafts) is "moderate”, having declined to 45.6% of GDP in 2025, from 46.2% in 2024, reflecting nominal GDP growth and a primary budget surplus, the rating agency said.
As a percentage of revenues, central government debt is expected to have decreased to 171.8% in 2025, from 173.1% in 2024, it said.
Highlighting that economic activity remains positive, with real GDP having increased by 2.9% in 2025, compared to 2.4% in 2024; it said nominal GDP per capita was extremely high at around $71,000 in 2025 and is well above that of similarly rated peers.
The short-to-medium-term growth outlook "remains favourable”, with the economy expected to post an average real growth of 6.9% in 2026-27, supported by an expected increase in LNG (liquefied natural gas) production from Qatar’s largest gas field, as well as robust performance in the services sector.
The rating agency found that official foreign exchange reserves are high at $72.3bn in December 2025 ($70bn in December 2024), and are expected to cover 2.5 times the short-term external debt on a remaining maturity basis in 2026.
Gross external debt is moderate at around 185.1% of current account receipts (or 129.9% of GDP) in 2025, while net external debt is expected to have increased to 56.3% of GDP, from 52.8% in 2024.
CI’s measure of the latter does not include external assets under the management of the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), and Qatar would likely be a comfortable net external creditor if these assets were included.
The QIA’s total assets are estimated to be around $557bn (250.8% of GDP) – although an assessment of the classes, quality and liquidity of these assets is hindered by limited transparency.
Assessing the strength of Qatar's banking sector as "moderate"; CI said although lenders enjoy good asset quality and strong capital buffers, they are exposed to significant lending and deposit concentrations (mainly from the public sector).
Furthermore, banks’ reliance on foreign funding (particularly non-resident deposits) is still considered a potential source of risk – with non-resident deposits amounting to 23.8% of GDP in November 2025 compared to a peak of 46.6% in 2020.
While the reliance on hydrocarbon revenues remains a rating constraint, the government has ample leeway to respond to severe fluctuations in hydrocarbon prices given the size of fiscal buffers and the degree of expenditure flexibility.
Central government deposits stood at 16.8% of GDP in November 2025, while total government and government institution deposits in the domestic banking system were around 40.6% of GDP, according to the rating agency.