Three-quarters of children in South Asia exposed to extreme high temperatures

Extreme heat conditions have significant and potentially harmful impacts on children.Children are particularly vulnerable to heat stress and related health problems due to their physiology, inability to regulate body temperature as effectively as adults, and the fact that they tend to be more active and spend more time outdoorsThree-quarters of children in South Asia are already exposed to extreme high temperature compared to only one in three globally, the UN Children’s Fund (Unicef) said, urging authorities to do more to help them beat the heat.Unicef recently estimated that 76% of children under 18 in the region – 460mn - are exposed to extreme high temperatures where 83 or more days in a year exceed 35C.July was the hottest month ever recorded globally, raising further concerns about a future where children, including those living in South Asia, are expected to face more frequent and severe heatwaves, largely due to climate change."With the world at global boiling, the data clearly show that the lives and well-being of millions of children across South Asia are increasingly threatened by heat waves and high temperatures,” noted Sanjay Wijesekera, Unicef regional director for South Asia.According to Unicef’s 2021 Children’s Climate Risk Index (CCRI), children in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, and Pakistan are at ‘extremely high risk’ of the impacts of climate change."We are particularly concerned about babies, toddlers, malnourished children and pregnant women as they are most vulnerable to heat strokes and other serious effects,” Wijesekera said.In parts of Pakistan’s southern Sindh province, including Jacobabad, the world’s hottest city in 2022, temperatures were in their 40s in June, exposing 1.8mn people to severe short- and long-term health risks.The scorching heat came less than one year after the devastating floods, which left most parts of southern Sindh underwater in August 2022.Even in the rainy season, the heat can exacerbate the situation for children. Since children cannot adapt quickly to temperature changes, they are not able to remove excess heat from their bodies.This can cause symptoms and illnesses such as higher body temperature, rapid heartbeat, cramps, severe headache, confusion, organ failure, dehydration, fainting and coma, in young children; poor mental development in infants; and developmental setbacks such as neurological dysfunction, and cardiovascular diseases.Early contractions, hypertension, seizures, high blood pressure, preterm births and stillbirths are risks for pregnant women, who are particularly susceptible to heat.Ultimately, the most vulnerable children, adolescents and women are the ones that pay the highest price for extreme weather events."Young children simply cannot handle the heat,” Wijesekera points out. "Unless we act now, these children will continue to bear the brunt of more frequent and more severe heatwaves in the coming years, for no fault of theirs.”To mitigate the impact of extreme heat conditions on children, it is important for governments besides communities, parents and caregivers to take proactive measures.These include educating children about recognising signs of heat-related illness, creating cool indoor spaces, ensuring children stay well-hydrated and providing them with appropriate sun protection, such as hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen.Outdoor activities must also be limited during the hottest parts of the day.