Big Tech faces social media addiction trial amid global backlash
Across the world, an estimated 95% of teens use social media and the United Nations has emphasised that tech companies must prioritise safety over profits, calling for stronger regulation and digital literacy. Currently, governments across the world are increasingly implementing or proposing legal curbs on social media for minors to combat rising rates of anxiety, depression, and online harassment. Now, two of the world’s largest social media platforms are facing a jury trial in the US over allegations that they intentionally designed their products to be addictive to young people, drawing comparisons to Big Tobacco’s reckoning with consumer addiction three decades ago. The trial in Los Angeles, the first of its kind, centers on a 20-year-old woman who says her nonstop use for more than a decade of sites including Meta Platforms’ Instagram and Google’s YouTube caused her to suffer anxiety, depression and body dysmorphia. The companies are exposed to potentially billions of dollars in damages and the possibility that they could be forced to overhaul core features of their platforms. Thousands of similar cases brought against the two companies as well as Snap and TikTok parent ByteDance are pending in court. The Los Angeles trial is the first of several planned for this year. More than 3,000 cases brought by children, adolescents and young adults — sometimes via their parents, siblings or other family members — based on claims of psychological distress, physical impairment and death have been filed across the US. Dozens of state attorneys general are also suing the companies. Additionally, public school districts have brought more than 1,200 complaints on behalf of students. The first trial among the school cases is scheduled to be held in Oakland, California in June. The plaintiffs say that Meta, Google, TikTok and Snap design their services to hook children, an audience that academic and medical studies show is particularly vulnerable to addiction because their bodies and minds are still developing. Addictive use of social media results in an array of psychological disorders, and in extreme cases self-harm and suicide, according to the lawsuits. Such addictive use delivers the most valuable prize for the Big Tech: troves of data about young users’ preferences, habits and behaviours that are used to target them with ads. The companies maintain that their products were not built to hook kids, and that they have settings and safeguards in place to protect young users. A lawyer for Meta argued at the start of the Los Angeles trial that social media actually helps young people connect with friends and family. European countries are currently taking their broadest swipe yet at social media, with a growing number weighing bans of the services for minors and setting the stage for a new showdown with some of the biggest US companies. The policy was first implemented in Australia, encompassing Instagram and Facebook, Snap, Elon Musk’s X, TikTok and Google’s YouTube. Spain became the latest country to propose a ban on services. At least 10 other countries — France, the UK, Portugal, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, Austria, Ireland and the Netherlands — and the EU are weighing similar limits. The UN, through agencies like Unicef and Unesco, has highlighted that while social media offers opportunities, it presents severe risks to minors, including cyberbullying, mental health issues, sexual exploitation, and exposure to harmful content. While acknowledging the “genuine concerns” of governments across the world the Unicef has also said “age restrictions must be part of a broader approach that protects children from harm, respects their rights to privacy and participation, and avoids pushing them into unregulated, less safe spaces.” Regulation should not be a substitute for platforms investing in child safety and laws introducing age restrictions are not an alternative to companies improving platform design and content moderation,” according to the Unicef.