Dollar allure fading amid trade tensions, Fed rate concerns
The dollar has had a tumultuous year, whipsawed by President Donald Trump’s chaotic tariffs that sparked a crisis of confidence in US assets earlier in 2025, while his growing influence over the Federal Reserve has also raised concerns about its independence.A Bloomberg gauge of the dollar has posted its worst week since June as traders looked to data due early next month to confirm expectations for further Fed interest-rate cuts in 2026.The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index was steady last Friday and fell some 0.8% last week. It has declined around 8% this year, which would be its steepest annual drop since 2017.Risk-sensitive currencies including the Australian dollar and Norway’s krone led gains against the greenback on the week among major peers. The greenback’s decline has also coincided with a dip in Treasury yields, with US 10-year yields falling about two basis points last week to 4.13%, within the range of the past couple of weeks.Traders see about a 90% probability that the Fed will stay put in January. But they’re betting on another quarter-point cut by mid-year, and one more several months later. US unemployment data released late this month showed the jobless rate rising to its highest since 2021, while figures on consumer inflation showed lower-than-expected readings.Expectations that the Fed’s monetary policy will diverge further from that of other major central banks, as well as seasonality patterns, have kept the greenback under pressure. Options pricing is also turning more negative. So-called risk reversals, which depict market positioning and sentiment, show that options traders are the most bearish on the dollar in three months.Data from the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation shows that the euro and the Australian dollar have been the main vehicles for expressing those bearish dollar views in recent sessions.“The USD outlook remains comfortably negative,” says Ipek Ozkardeskaya, senior analyst at Swissquote. “Bullish calls on the dollar are rare.” Ozkardeskaya said that concerns around fiscal discipline and trade tensions are also acting as headwinds. Still, she warns the dollar is vulnerable to a sharp rebound if upcoming data releases prompt a hawkish reassessment of Fed expectations.In contrast, the euro is up just over 14% for the year thus far, putting it on track for its best performance since 2003. The European Central Bank stood pat on rates recently and revised upwards some of its growth and inflation projections, in a move that likely closes the door to further easing in the near term.For now, the main focus for the foreign exchange market remains on the Japanese yen, with traders alert to the possibility of an intervention from Japanese authorities to stem the currency’s slide. Meantime, Asian economies aren’t just shifting their trading ties to fight against US tariffs, they’re also increasingly moving their financing to other markets, underscoring how Trump’s policies risk eroding American dominance of capital raising.Asia Pacific borrowers increased euro denominated issuance to a record 23% of the total across both currencies this year, up six percentage points from 2024, according to Bloomberg-compiled data. Euro note sales by companies and governments rose 75% in 2025 to €86.4bn ($100.7bn).US dollar deals still make up the majority of financing deals, and borrowing in the greenback is up 29% by Asian issuers this year. But the market share declined, and the American edge for funding may be slowly eroding.Despite warnings about long-term headwinds for the currency, the dollar is still on one side of almost 90% of foreign-exchange transactions and accounts for two-thirds of international debt. It also remains solidly entrenched as the world’s key currency, used for the majority of central bank reserves and for the purchase of commodities like oil, in large part because no significant alternative has emerged.