Shadows of doping

A total of 155 athletes have had their results disqualified due to doping violations, as of July 31, 2019.The athlete with the most results annulled for doping offences is sprinter Kelli White (USA), with 16 such disqualifications in 2001 and 2003. The most by a man is 15 by 400m runner Antonio Pettigrew (USA) in 1997-2001. Special mention should be given to shot putter Andrey Mikhnevich (BLR). He won the 2003 world title but had his qualifying and final performances disqualified at five further World Championships. These included bronze medals in 2007 and 2011. His compatriot Nadezhda Ostapchuk was stripped of shot put medals at three successive World Championships (2005, 2007 and 2011).