France braces for mass rail strikes

France braced yesterday for the start of three months of rolling rail strikes, the first in a series of walkouts affecting sectors from energy to garbage collection as President Emmanuel Macron’s reform agenda comes up against resistance.Staff at state rail operator SNCF walked off the job from 7pm (1700 GMT) yesterday, kicking off stoppages on two out of every five days, which unions warn will cause major disruption for France’s 4.5mn train passengers.The real action begins on what the press has dubbed “black Tuesday”, with only one high-speed TGV train out of eight running and one regional train out of five in the strike against an overhaul of the debt-ridden SNCF.Three out of four Eurostar trains to London and Brussels will run and the Thalys train towards Belgium and the Netherlands will operate almost as normal, but there will be none towards Spain, Italy and Switzerland.Rubbish collectors, some staff in the energy sector and Air France employees will also strike today in the biggest wave of industrial unrest since Macron’s election last May.“We’re bracing for a very strong mobilisation, with a heavy impact on train passengers,” a government source told AFP on condition of anonymity. “Facing that, it’s up to us to ensure we stick to the course.”The rail strikes, set to last until June 28, are being seen as the biggest challenge yet to 40-year-old Macron’s plans to shake up France and make it more competitive, earning comparisons with Margaret Thatcher’s showdown with coal unions in 1984.Unions accuse the centrist former investment banker of seeking to “destroy the public railways through pure ideological dogmatism”.Air France, meanwhile, is set to operate 75% of flights today as staff stage their fourth strike in a month seeking a 6% pay rise (see accompanying report).While not linked to Macron’s reforms, the Air France walkouts – also planned for April 7, 10, 11 – add to a febrile mood among France’s unions.The government says the SNCF needs reforms as EU countries prepare to open passenger rail to competition by 2020, arguing that it is 30% more expensive to run a train in France than elsewhere.Unions fear the changes are a first step towards privatising the SNCF – a claim that the government denies – and object to plans to strip new hires of a special rail workers’ status guaranteeing jobs for life and early retirement.Unions have so far failed to block Macron’s reforms, including controversial changes to the labour code, despite several mass protests drawing tens of thousands of people to the streets.Philippe Martinez, head of the CGT union, has called for different forces opposed to Macron’s agenda – including pensioners and students – to “bring their fights together”.However, analysts say that the walkouts will be a major test of how much weight France’s once fearsome trade unions still carry.Macron’s victory virtually swept away the Socialist Party, long the political champion of the labour movement, and union membership in France now stands at just over 11%  – one of the lowest levels in the EU.Political expert Philippe Braud said that Macron could succeed in reforming France where previous presidents have failed by methodically taking on one reform after another.With opinion divided between “resignation” and “deep conviction that things must move forward”, Braud said, “the planets were aligned: So many reforms have been aborted over the past 20 years”.The government has so far had public opinion on its side over the rail reforms.“No one can understand why the rail unions are unleashing a long and punishing strike when the government is engaging in a dialogue,” said Transport Minister Elisabeth Borne, stressing the process is open to consultation.However, an Ifop survey on Sunday showed sympathy growing for SNCF staff, with 46% backing the strike, up four points from two weeks ago.“France is tired,” said an editorial in the regional Sud-Ouest newspaper. “Who will get tired the quickest? The trade unions clinging to their last bastion? Or the ambitious young president determined to turn a page?”