Opinion
The push for a world free of nuclear arms
As part of Its peace diplomacy, Qatar takes leading role in global and regional nuclear disarmament efforts
In a world where arms races are accelerating, geopolitical tensions are mounting and the risks of accidental or deliberate use of the most destructive weapons in human history are looming, Qatar has emerged as a strong, steadfast and active voice persistently calling for the complete and total elimination of nuclear weapons, out of its commitment to preserving international peace and security.
In confirmation of its support for and efforts to strengthen its strategic partnership with the United Nations, and in backing its efforts to preserve global peace, Qatar joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1989, thereby renewing its commitment to working with the international community toward the complete elimination of nuclear weapons and the achievement of regional and international peace and security.
It has also affirmed the importance of strict and full compliance with all undertakings and the implementation of the legal obligations arising from international agreements in the field of nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation.
Since joining the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Qatar has not limited itself to its legal obligations but has turned that commitment into an active national policy and sustained diplomacy. At every international forum, it renews its call for the complete elimination of these weapons on the basis that this step is the only guarantee of preventing their use or the threat of their use. At a time when the Middle East is witnessing complex security challenges, Doha has placed the establishment of a zone free of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction at the top of its regional priorities, affirming that collective security and sustainable stability can be achieved only through the elimination of these lethal weapons.
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted on July 7, 2017, and entered into force on Jan 22, 2021, becoming the first legally binding international treaty to comprehensively prohibit the development, production, possession, transfer and use of nuclear weapons or the threat of their use, in addition to assistance in any of these activities. It aims to strengthen the legal norm against these weapons and support the goal of complete nuclear disarmament.
Complete elimination
Qatar voted in favour of adopting the treaty at the United Nations negotiating conference in 2017 and participated in the negotiations themselves. Qatar’s policies and practices are fully consistent with all the prohibitions set out in the treaty, including the development, production, possession, testing, transfer or use of nuclear weapons; the threat of their use; assistance in any of these activities; or allowing their deployment.
In its official statements, including at the Conference on Disarmament, the General Conference and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Qatar stresses that the existence of nuclear weapons poses a catastrophic threat and calls for their complete elimination.
Last February, Qatar participated in the "High-Level Segment” of the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva and affirmed that the international system was going through a critical phase marked by an increase in armed conflicts, declining adherence to international law and the UN Charter, and rising polarisation and geopolitical competition, alongside the acceleration of nuclear modernisation programs, the integration of emerging technologies into military systems and growing risks from the weaponisation of outer space. These developments place the nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation architecture before unprecedented challenges.
It explained that 2026 represents an important milestone for the global nuclear order with the convening of the 11th Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which is considered the cornerstone of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime and the fundamental basis for pursuing nuclear disarmament. It stressed that disarmament is not merely a political option but a humanitarian, security and developmental necessity.
In April, Qatar affirmed the importance of strict implementation of the obligations arising from international agreements in the field of nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation. This came in a statement delivered by HE Permanent Representative of the State of Qatar to the United Nations Sheikha Alya Ahmed bin Saif al-Thani, who is also head of Qatar’s delegation participating in the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, before the general debate of the 2026 Review Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at UN headquarters in New York.
Her Excellency affirmed that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is considered the cornerstone of the international disarmament and nonproliferation regime and an essential instrument for achieving collective security, which requires full, balanced commitment to implementing its three pillars. She noted that the Review Conference contributes to focusing efforts on achieving the objectives set out in this important treaty.
Qatar’s permanent representative to the United Nations stressed the importance of redoubling efforts and demonstrating genuine political will to revive international consensus and reach outcomes and results that contribute to achieving the objectives of the Review Conference and international security, while emphasising the importance of nuclear-weapon states making concrete, time-bound commitments to the complete and total elimination of those weapons, in accordance with Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
On May 1, Qatar renewed its commitment to working toward a Middle East free of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction, stressing that the complete elimination of nuclear weapons is the only guarantee that they will not be used or threatened with use. Before the First Committee on Disarmament at UN headquarters in New York, Qatar affirmed that nuclear disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, represents a fundamental step in the international community’s efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons and dispose of their stockpiles and remnants.
It cautioned that Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons represents a clear legal obligation for nuclear-weapon states to undertake, in good faith, serious negotiations leading to complete nuclear disarmament. It said the continued existence of military nuclear capabilities outside any international framework for verification or accountability undermines confidence, fuels arms races and creates a fragile security environment vulnerable to escalation.
In September, Qatar called for intensified international efforts toward the complete and total elimination of nuclear weapons, stressing that achieving this goal represents a humanitarian responsibility and an ethical imperative amid escalating armed conflicts, the nuclear arms race and the growing resort to force in international relations.
This came in a statement by Qatar delivered by HE Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Dr Ahmed bin Hassan al-Hammadi, before the 70th session of the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, currently being held in Vienna. HE the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs pointed to the grave challenges facing international peace and security amid increasing polarisation, geopolitical disputes and multiple armed conflicts, particularly the continuation of the Israeli occupation’s aggressive actions against the Palestinian people, the ongoing crisis in the Arabian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, as well as the accelerating nuclear arms race and changes in nuclear doctrines in a number of nuclear-weapon states toward reducing restrictions on their use.
He stressed the need to reinvigorate joint action to confront these dangers with a high degree of responsibility through multilateralism, and to support the international disarmament and arms-control system, in which the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is the cornerstone, while also supporting the IAEA as a safeguard against declining respect for the standards and rules governing the nuclear field.
He noted that Qatar, represented by the Qatar Fund for Development, had signed a $600,000 support agreement for IAEA projects under the Rays of Hope initiative, including efforts to strengthen radiotherapy capabilities in Syria.
He also affirmed Qatar’s full commitment to the goals of nuclear disarmament, preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the peaceful uses of atomic energy, noting that Qatar regards the agency as a key partner in expanding the peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology and enhancing nuclear and radiological security in the country.
National measures
As part of its policies aimed at disarmament, Qatar inaugurated in 2012 the Qatar Regional Training Center for the Prohibition of Weapons, the first of its kind in the Middle East and Asia. With regard to the Chemical Weapons Convention, Qatar was keen to join the convention, reaffirming its policy of fulfilling its obligations to preserve international peace and security and combat terrorism in all its forms, as well as its contribution, alongside peace-loving countries around the world, to the stability, security and prosperity of humanity.
To meet the requirements of Article VII of the convention concerning national measures, Qatar established the National Committee for the Prohibition of Weapons, the permanent body tasked with advising the relevant government authorities on all matters related to the prohibition of weapons of all types, including nuclear, biological, toxic, chemical and conventional weapons.
In November 2012, Qatar launched the Doha Regional Center for Training on Conventions Related to Weapons of Mass Destruction, in cooperation with the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, to provide training services at the national and regional levels in the fields of verification, inspection and compliance. It also regularly participates in and supports disarmament conferences throughout their successive sessions.
It is worth noting that the International Atomic Energy Agency was established in 1957 as part of the United Nations system and is headquartered in Vienna. It currently has about 180 member states and aims to strike a balance between promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and preventing its diversion to military purposes. It is considered a "safeguard” against declining adherence to nuclear standards.