Opinion
China cushion: Opec+ faces dramatic rebalancing of global oil market
Since its founding in 1960, the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec) has been the dominant force in the oil market, shifting between market control and defensive management. By coordinating production quotas among member countries, Opec directly dictated global spare capacity, steering oil prices to serve its members’ fiscal needs while balancing global demand.
But six months into the Iran war, Opec is confronting a dramatic shift in the global energy market. The world’s most powerful oil alliance is seen as losing its ability to influence prices while China is emerging as an increasingly important force in determining where crude prices go next.
The war has disrupted one of the world’s most important oil corridors, damaged energy infrastructure across the Middle East and sharply reduced the amount of crude several Opec+ members can physically export. But, cuts in Chinese crude imports have emerged as one of the dominant themes of 2026, helping to balance oil markets amid what is considered the worst-ever supply disruption.
Opec+ — the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies including Russia created in 2016 — accounted for about 40% of global oil output in July, according to Reuters calculations based on International Energy Agency data. That’s down from more than 48% before the US and Israel attacked Iran in late February.
The war has also reduced Opec+’s ability to quickly raise or cut supply by effectively shutting the Strait of Hormuz, a key export route for leading producers. Opec+ says its decisions are aimed at supporting market stability and it does not target a specific oil price.
Since March, the core Opec+ group has announced six oil output increases. Yet, because of the Hormuz blockade, most have remained largely on paper, with the decisions having little effect on oil prices, apart from in July during a brief US-Iran ceasefire that raised hopes Hormuz would reopen.
But one of the biggest price drivers this year has been a steep decline in Chinese oil imports. Since the war began, China has bought roughly 400mn fewer barrels of oil than during the same period last year. The decline reflects a ban on fuel exports, lower refining output and the growing use of electric transport.
The trend further highlights China’s growing role in balancing oil markets, a role once associated almost exclusively with Opec+ as the world’s swing producer. China’s weaker demand for oil has helped place a ceiling on prices this year. By contrast, its buying spree last year, which may have accounted for as much as half of global oil demand growth, helped underpin the market.
China’s role is particularly significant because it is also Iran’s largest oil customer. Iranian shipments to China have fallen sharply amid the conflict and renewed US pressure, dropping to a provisional 534,000 barrels per day in August from 823,000 barrels in July, according to Kpler data. The oil market is increasingly behaving as though disruptions to Middle East energy supplies are not a temporary shock but a new reality.
Nearly six months after war erupted between the US and Iran, hopes for a diplomatic breakthrough have faded. The longer the Hormuz impasse drags on, the less this looks like a temporary supply shock and the more it resembles a structural reshaping of global oil trade, according to Ron Bousso, a Reuters columnist.