Smartphones and social media have transformed journalism by producing a torrent of photos and videos of almost anything that happens where people are present, from holidays to hurricanes, celebrations to crises.
The swift rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has tainted that flow, mixing in highly realistic video and still images of events that never happened or alternate versions of things that did happen but not in the way depicted.
Reuters confronts this reality with a team of journalists specialising in "visual verification”, who search the Internet for images of breaking news events and go through the painstaking process of confirming that those images do depict real events in the times and places they occurred.
Videos and photos taken by people who are eyewitnesses to history, verified by Reuters journalists, have become an indispensable part of the file produced by Reuters.
AI’s ability to generate realistic videos, photos and audio has grown increasingly sophisticated over the past few years.
Beyond the technological advances, people who want to use AI to create misleading imagery can feed data into it – photos of real-world people, places and events that the AI can then alter to produce far more convincing images.
The Reuters global visual verification team follows a systematic process to assess whether images found on social media are real, unaltered versions of the events that they purport to portray.
There are a few critical steps in the process.
One is to find the person who took the photo or video and confirm their identity.
Many images also carry metadata that can confirm where and when they were made and on what device; if that is present it can play an important role in verification.
Reuters journalists on the verification team also compare what a photo or video shows to other known publicly available data and imagery.
Each photo and video is also scanned with several AI detection tools. These tools are not foolproof, but such filters are important in spotting traces of AI that may not be visible to the naked eye.
The journalists make a judgement call, which gets more challenging by the day.