International
Warnings of nostalgia for East Germany on Berlin Wall anniversary
German officials warned yesterday against the romanticisation of communist East Germany at a time the far-right and Moscow-friendly AfD has sometimes expressed nostalgia for the fallen regime.
Speaking 65 years after the Berlin Wall first went up and weeks ahead of key regional elections in eastern Germany, political figures cautioned against revisionism about the Soviet-backed dictatorship.
Culture Minister Wolfram Weimer said that over three decades after the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, "left-wing and right-wing extremists alike are currently trying to downplay" the crimes of successive East German governments.
"Yet the regime was a brutal dictatorship — devoid of free elections, freedom of the press and freedom of movement — but characterised instead by the Stasi, torture chambers and the death strip along the Wall."
Evelyn Zupke, federal commissioner for the victims of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), similarly said that "East Germany seems more appealing to some people the further it recedes in history".
Warning against the so-called "Ostalgie" trend, first adopted by far-left parties, Zupke told the Rheinische Post daily she feared that "a one-sided and nostalgic narrative" could "blur the reality of the dictatorship".
Decades on from Germany's 1990 reunification, a string of state elections in the east next month are expected to reflect the lasting political divisions between east and west.
In Saxony-Anhalt, the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany (AfD) could do well enough to form its first ever state government, according to polls.
The AfD's lead candidate there, Ulrich Siegmund, recently caused a row by singing the old East German national anthem at a campaign event alongside the party's national co-leader Tino Chrupalla.
Despite himself being born shortly after reunification, 35-year-old Siegmund has also used nostalgic symbolism, often riding a vintage East German Simson motor scooter at campaign events.
Some supporters there sported T-shirts or drove vehicles that, either ironically or defiantly, employed East Germany's flag and hammer-and-compass emblem to express an enduring sense of "Ossi" regional identity.
— 'Everything changed' —
Despite some more positive economic data in the region in recent years and a narrowing income gap with the west, many in eastern Germany still feel disadvantaged and sidelined in public life.
The AfD broadly accuses Germany's government of selling out the country by allowing mass immigration, mismanaging the economy and propagating "woke" social and ecological policies, a message that resonates especially in the east.
Lingering resentment, alienation and a sense of cultural loss are often cited to explain the strong appeal of the AfD in the former East Germany, where it scored a record 32% of the vote at last year's federal election.
Two weeks after the vote in Saxony-Anhalt, the eastern state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Berlin itself will also elect their state assemblies, with the AfD expected to boost its vote share in both cases.
East German authorities began building the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961, then progressively widened and fortified it to also include watchtowers, patrols and guard dogs.
More than 100 people died while trying to escape to the West before the Berlin Wall fell in November 1989.
Germany's parliamentary president Julia Kloeckner, in her commemorative speech Thursday, said that "the Wall left its mark on Germany, influencing our paths to this day".
"Political questions are sometimes answered very differently on both sides," she said, referring to different attitudes prevailing over Covid pandemic measures, migration and how to deal with Russia.
She said much of this was linked to sharply different life experiences. "For West Germans, not much changed with reunification. For East Germans, everything changed."