Emerging markets stocks and currencies posted their worst week since the outbreak of Covid as an escalating conflict in the Middle East triggered a surge in oil prices.
The MSCI EM currency gauge dropped as much as 0.7% after President Donald Trump demanded Iran’s "unconditional surrender,” trimming losses at the end of the session for a weekly decline of 1.5%. The comparable measure for EM equities fell 0.2% on the day and is down nearly 7% since the Iran war kicked off. Both marked their worst week since March 2020.
US oil prices notched their biggest weekly gain on record as the war upended critical energy market flows, with shipping through the Strait of Hormuz at a near-total halt. West Texas Intermediate added 12% on Friday to settle just below $91 a barrel, while Brent closed near $93 a barrel.
Not even a surprisingly weak US payrolls report could offset the effect of the oil rally. US employers unexpectedly cut jobs in February, raising doubts about the health of the labor market and bolstering the case for Federal Reserve rate cuts.
"Softer than expected US labour market data is unlikely to provide EM lasting relief as long as oil and gas prices continue to rise with gains fuelled by the Iran war,” said Piotr Matys, a senior currency strategist at InTouch Capital Markets Ltd. "If we’re witnessing the beginning of a new global inflationary shock in the making, EMs are at risk of capital outflows.”
The dollar swung between gains and losses after the data, settling in negative territory in afternoon trading. The move helped trim the rout in emerging markets. Still, risks of a prolonged war are likely to boost the greenback, a popular haven in uncertain times.
"The dollar still benefits from the general de-risking in the market, especially ahead of the weekend,” said Ning Sun, a senior emerging-markets strategist at State Street Global Markets in Boston.
The conflict, now in its seventh day, has hit valuations in the developing world and flipped the script on key drivers of a rally in riskier assets. JPMorgan Chase & Co cut its positions on emerging-market sovereign and corporate dollar bonds on Friday to tactical underweight, positioning for significant uncertainty ahead.
Meanwhile, Citigroup "trimmed quite a bit of risk in the last few days but will want to get back into long EM positions on hints of stabilisation,” analysts including Luis Costa wrote in a note.
Hungary’s forint was hardest hit on Friday, dropping another 1.9% against the dollar. While oil importers everywhere have been affected by the war, Hungary is also in an escalating dispute with Ukraine over an outage in the pipeline that normally transports crude from Russia.
Volatility in emerging-market currencies has surged across the board, with the JPMorgan EM FX volatility index rising above a similar gauge for Group-of-Seven peers this week, following its longest stretch on record below that level.
As volatility soars, monetary authorities have taken actions to defend local currencies, with Turkey spending $12bn, equal to roughly 15% of its foreign-currency reserves, to keep the lira stable this week. Philippines central bank Governor Eli Remolona Jr told Bloomberg Television that oil reaching $100 per barrel could force monetary policy tightening, as inflation may breach the central bank’s target range.
"Given the diversified nature of EM, there will be both winners and losers from this conflict, with its scope and duration key to determining whether this becomes a turning point for global risk sentiment or a proof point of EM resilience,” said Giulia Pellegrini and Eoghan McDonagh, EM portfolio managers at Allianz Global Investors.