Opinion
How open-source AI models disrupt Big Tech lead
Meta, OpenAI, French startup Mistral and now DeepSeek have all released AI models that they call open source
August 12, 2025 | 11:31 PM
Just as the Big Tech alone has lined up close to $344bn spending on artificial intelligence for the year, so the movement for decentralised and open-source AI has gained momentum across the tech world.Open-source AI envisages one-stop access to capabilities that span the AI development lifecycle with user-friendly interfaces, workflows and access to industry standard APIs (application programming interface) and SDKs (software development kit).Tech companies and academics have long wrestled with the risks and rewards of building open-source software. But the frenzy around generative AI has lent new significance to the debate.DeepSeek and other Chinese companies have pushed out a wave of low-cost, open-source models that rival software from the top American AI developers.In response, OpenAI has released a new open model, its first in six years. The Trump administration has called for more US tech companies to do the same.In general, open source refers to software with source code that is made freely available for anyone to use or modify.According to the Open Source Initiative (OSI), a California-based nonprofit, to qualify as open source, software must comply with specific terms for distribution and access. Developers must provide detailed information about the data upon which it was trained and give people the ability to study, use and modify the system for any purpose.Closed source, by contrast, refers to software and models that are controlled by the developer, can’t be modified, and offer less transparency about their technical underpinnings.Many tech companies brand their AI software as open source; not everyone agrees they all live up to that definition.Meta Platforms, French startup Mistral and now DeepSeek have all released AI models that they call open source.But often such models are actually what are known as open-weight models. That means that in addition to offering up the model, and perhaps some of its source code, the companies disclose the weights — that is, the many numerical values the model picked up and was tweaked on during its training process, which allows developers to better customise it — but not details about the data actually used to train it.Those who promote open-source software typically tout it as being more affordable for users because it doesn’t have the same licensing fees. Cheaper prices pave the way for broader AI adoption, and reduced development costs promote innovation.Supporters also note that the approach boosts accountability for developers creating powerful AI systems by giving others the ability to better understand how the models work.For companies such as Meta, there’s an added benefit to open source: popularity. By allowing other developers to freely access and build on top of its open-source software, Meta has been able to expand its influence throughout the AI ecosystem.Critics of open-source software argue that it’s less secure. In the case of AI, some in the US fear that using such models from rivals such as China poses a risk to national security, threatening citizens’ safety.For example, models that collect massive amounts of user data could be used for surveillance purposes.By embracing a more open approach (with some caveats), DeepSeek may have eased some concerns among global users about China’s tight control of the technology.The startup also likely broadened the reach of its chatbot in Western markets by making it easier for other developers to adapt the underlying technology to meet their needs.More than 80% of surveyed IT decision-makers have reported that at least a quarter of their company’s AI platforms or solutions are based on open source, according to a recent IBM study. And the enterprises harnessing open-source ecosystems are more likely to be achieving positive return on investment (ROI).
August 12, 2025 | 11:31 PM