Metals price volatility reveals lack of safe havens
It has often been observed that high levels of speculative activity in commodities futures markets can result in the surreal situation of greater quantities of a physical asset being traded than actually exist on planet earth. This has been the case with speculative flows into precious metals recently, most notably silver.Until recently, silver was a relatively unloved asset, but the metal has attracted huge investment flows in the past year. The price quadrupled between early 2025 and January 2026, from just below $30 per ounce to peaking at just over $120. In the past couple of weeks, it has almost halved to around $70 – a precipitous fall, but still more than double the level of 12 months ago. And despite this fall, retail investors have continued to buy silver exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Analysis by Vanda Research showed that $430mn was invested in SLV, the largest silver exchange traded fund, in the six days leading up to 5th February. During most of this period, the price was falling.Disparate forces have combined to cause the gyrations in prices of metals. For some years, gold has been increasingly valued by central banks, and wealthy individuals, to hedge against inflation in fiat currencies. A substantial minority holding of gold is seen as a sensible part of a balanced investment portfolio. A rising price attracted exchange traded funds (ETFs), while others borrowed to buy gold on the futures market – essentially betting on future price changes. Gold briefly peaked at over $5,500 an ounce early this year – compared with around $2,000 per ounce as recently as 2024. It has since fallen to around $5,000. Gold ETFs account for more than 4,000 tonnes globally, having grown by 25% in 2025.In the physical market, there is more scepticism. Traders in gold items in parts of Asia refuse to buy at international prices – so if you want to sell to them, they offer to buy at a 30% discount, indicating a lack of confidence in elevated prices.Silver followed in the wake of gold. A key difference with gold, however, is that trading volumes are small, exacerbating the impact on price volatility when relatively large amounts of speculative investments are made in the commodity, or its expected future price. It is an example of a notable feature of markets in the 2020s: High levels of investable cash globally, high risk tolerance, combined with economic and geopolitical uncertainty, resulting in pronounced price volatility.Portfolio managers tend to shun precious metals: They do not earn cash, so they cannot be priced by discounting future cash flows. This means that there is a relatively large proportion of retail investors in the silver and gold markets. Nonetheless, some asset managers include a proportion of gold as part of a diversified portfolio. India’s National Pension System has permitted funds to allocate up to 1% of their investments in precious metals ETFs. Its assets under management are around $175bn. In a pilot scheme, China has permitted the same proportion of insurance companies’ assets to be invested in gold – equivalent to a sum of around $27bn.The price of gold cannot rise indefinitely, but it represents a long-term source of value. The price of silver looks more vulnerable to a crash.The price of copper, a metal with important industrial uses, has risen from around $10,000 per tonne last October, to a high of over $14,000 in late January, before settling around the $13,000 mark.The main driver of the recent falls in metals prices has been a change in tone, and in policy, by US President Donald Trump since the Davos conference last month. His announcement of a relatively orthodox selection as the next Chair of the Federal Reserve, Kevin Warsh, was seen as an indication that interest rates and the dollar will not be pushed to extreme lows. This has had the effect of reducing inflation fears and bolstering US dollar assets.Another asset class to see significant falls in price has been cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is trading well below its all-time high. In early February, it was trading at $64,000-$65,000, returning to the level of November 2024. The price has since recovered to just below $68,0000. Its highest value, at just over $125,000, was in October 2025.Despite recent falls, the prices of gold and silver are notably elevated compared with a year earlier, and while a degree of confidence has returned to dollar assets, the long-term trend is for gradual debasement of fiat currencies, including the dollar, which in the past has attracted a high proportion of investment cash seeking a safe haven in the world’s primary reserve currency.With increasingly turbulent economics and geopolitics, the world is running out of safe havens. The author is a Qatari banker, with many years of experience in the banking sector in senior positions.