Sixth in ten years: Will Burnham be able to buck the trend for PMs?
Barring any unforeseen circumstances, Andy Burnham will become prime minister on July 20, almost ten years to the day since Theresa May became the first of the ‘Brexit era’ heads of government — on July 13, 2016. Remarkably, Burnham will become Britain’s sixth prime minister in ten years, or alternatively the fourth in the four years since Boris Johnson was forced from the job in the summer of 2022. Such a run of short-lived leaders is unprecedented in modern British political history and demonstrates just how disruptive the past decade has been. David Cameron announced in January 2013 his intent to call an in/out referendum on Britain’s membership of the European Union should the Conservatives win the next general election, which was held in May 2015. The vote took place on June 23, 2016 and, to Cameron’s surprise, resulted in a 52-48% decision to leave the EU. Cameron resigned as prime minister the day after the referendum, choosing to walk away from the issue which will forever define his political legacy which has overshadowed most of his six successors in 10 Downing Street. The fact that the question on the ballot paper was framed purely as a question of whether Britain should leave or remain in the EU meant that no direction was given as to the details of how and when that should happen, and this caused chaos for years. Brexit finally happened on January 31, 2020, under Johnson, but it was followed almost immediately by the Covid-19 pandemic, which ultimately contributed to Johnson’s political undoing two years later. Whereas Johnson and May had each served three years as prime minister, the tenure of their successors was shorter still: a historic 49 days for Liz Truss, 20 months for Rishi Sunak, and a little over two years for Keir Starmer. Not since 1922-24, when Andrew Bonar Law, Stanley Baldwin, and Ramsay MacDonald each held the premiership for less than a year, has there been such a rapid churn at the top of the British political tree. The era when Britain had a total of three prime ministers – Margaret Thatcher, John Major, and Tony Blair – in 28 years, from 1979 to 2007, seems unfathomable just two decades later. It now falls to Burnham, who must hold a general election by July 2029 at the latest, to see if he can buck the trend and restore a degree of stability to British politics. Burnham is an experienced politician who sat in the House of Commons from 2001 to 2017 and served as a junior minister under Tony Blair and as a Cabinet member in Gordon Brown’s government. Burnham left Westminster in 2017 and became the elected Mayor of Greater Manchester, a post he held until his return to parliament last month. He thus missed the intra-Labour Party feuding during and after the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn and he performed well in the job, presenting himself as a credible northern alternative to his counterparts in London. To an extent, Burnham has followed the path set by Boris Johnson who was also elected to the House of Commons in 2001, the year of Tony Blair’s second landslide victory. Johnson resigned from parliament in 2008 when he was elected Mayor of London and served two terms before returning to Westminster in 2015. Just as Burnham did in Manchester, Johnson used his time in charge of a major city to craft a reputation as an effective governor. Their shared experience indicates how there are multiple pathways to the top, especially in an age of devolved government where more powers are being delegated to regional authorities. As prime minister, Burnham will inherit a difficult set of tasks which include restoring credibility and direction to a Labour government which won a huge majority just two years ago, but which has been rudderless under Starmer. Although Starmer came to politics after a distinguished career in the legal profession, which included five years as Director of Public Prosecutions, his time as prime minister was marred by a series of political lapses which made him deeply unpopular with the public and ineffective within his own party. Burnham will need to restore a sense of party management if he is to energize a government which already looks exhausted and out of ideas only two years into office. Once in government, Burnham will also have to focus on the political threat posed by Nigel Farage and Reform UK. This is not only a threat to the Labour Party but also an existential challenge to the Conservative Party, which was reduced to winning 2.2% of the vote in the Makerfield by-election which brought Burnham back into the House of Commons. It may be that scrutiny from both the left and the right of Reform UK increases as the next general election draws nearer as Labour and the Conservatives seek to pre-empt the further draining of support to Reform. One of Burnham’s key calling cards to power was his ability to take on and defeat the Reform challenge in Makerfield as he increased Labour’s share of the vote from 45% in 2024 to 54% and swept to victory by 20 percentage points. Changes of leadership mid-parliament rarely work as intended as they signify that something has gone wrong in the governing party. Both James Callaghan, who took over from Harold Wilson in 1976 and Gordon Brown, who replaced Blair in 2007, went on to lose the next general election, whereupon Labour was out of power for 18 and 14 years, respectively. Burnham will hope to avoid the fate of his two predecessors as Labour prime minister and instead replicate that of Johnson, who replaced Theresa May two years into the 2017 parliament and called a snap election in December 2019 which he won easily. At the very least, Burnham looks to have the political skills Starmer so sorely lacked and this may give him an early bump in the opinion polls as he settles into life as Britain’s next prime minister. The writer is a leading scholar specialising in Gulf politics and international political economy, and a fellow at the Baker Institute and co-director of the Middle East Energy Roundtable.